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Fabric Ledger has two parts: • State data: Representation of current state of the assets. Asset state data can be changed upon changes to the state of the data. • Transaction Logs: Record of all the transactions (in the order they are received) which modified the state data, and once the data is written it is immutable and cannot be changed.

There are several redundant implementations of the Ethereum protocol to ensure the correctness of the implementation. Additionally, not all blockchain nodes operate the same way. Some are purely for developing and hold a blockchain in-memory and just simulate the mining. Real Blockchain Nodes: 1. Cpp-ethereum 2. Go-Etheruem (GETH) 3. Parity In-Memory Blockchain simulations for rapid development: 1. TestRPC 2. Ganache 3. Truffle Developer Console Clients to access the blockchain in a convenient way: 1. MetaMask browser Plugin through Infura 2. Status.IM Android/iOS app through Infura 3. MIST DApp Browser with integrated GETH

In Hyperledger, nodes need a valid certificate to be able to communicate to the network and the participants use applications that connect to the network by way of the nodes.

Chaincode is a decentralized transactional program, running on the validating nodes. As with every chaincode, it implements the Chaincode interface in particular, Init and Invoke functions. Init is called during Instantiate transaction after the chaincode container has been established for the first time, allowing the chaincode to initialize its internal data. Invoke is called to update or query the ledger in a proposal transaction. Updated state variables are not committed to the ledger until the transaction is committed.