Pass the BCS Information security and CCP scheme certifications CISMP-V9 Questions and answers with CertsForce

Access controls are essential in information security for ensuring that resources are available to authorized users and protected from unauthorized access. The methods of access control can be categorized as follows:

Detective: These controls are designed to identify and record unauthorized access attempts. They do not prevent access but are useful for auditing and monitoring purposes.

Physical: Physical controls are tangible measures taken to protect assets, such as locks, fences, and security guards.

Preventive: Preventive controls are designed to stop unauthorized access before it happens. This includes mechanisms like passwords, biometric scans, and encryption.

The combination of detective, physical, and preventive controls provides a robust framework for managing access to sensitive information and systems. Reactive controls are not typically classified as access controls since they deal with responding to incidents after they occur, and virtual controls are not a recognized category in this context.

References: The answer is based on the principles outlined in the BCS Information Security Management Principles, which include various access control methods to protect information integrity, confidentiality, and availability123.

Digital signatures are a form of electronic signature that uses cryptographic techniques to provide secure and verifiable means of signing electronic documents. They are widely recognized and accepted as legally binding in many jurisdictions around the world. The enforceability of digital signatures is backed by various laws and regulations that recognize electronic signatures as equivalent to handwritten signatures, provided they meet certain criteria for authenticity and integrity. For instance, in the United States, the ESIGN Act establishes the legal validity of electronic signatures, including digital signatures1. Similarly, the eIDAS regulation in the European Union provides a legal framework for electronic signatures and trust services, including digital signatures2.

References := The BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles addresses the legal aspects of information security, including the enforceability of digital signatures. It aligns with international standards and practices that affirm the legal validity of digital signatures, as reflected in documents such as the ESIGN Act and the eIDAS regulation34.

The key principle a digital forensics investigator must adhere to is ensuring competence and the ability to justify their actions. This is crucial because the integrity of the investigation and the evidence must be maintained. Competence ensures that the investigator has the necessary skills and knowledge to handle and analyze the data correctly. Being able to justify their actions is important for the legal process, as every step of the investigation may be scrutinized in court. This principle aligns with the Information Security Management Principles, which emphasize the importance of procedural/people security controls and technical security controls to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. References: BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles1.

Developers should undergo Awareness Training to understand the security of the code they have written and how it can improve security defense while being attacked. This type of training educates developers on the importance of security considerations throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC). It covers best practices for secure coding, common vulnerabilities and how to avoid them, and the impact of code security on the overall security posture of an application. By being aware of security principles and the potential threats, developers can write more secure code, which is crucial for defending against attacks.

References: The BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the need for information security and the methods to implement it. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of training and awareness for all staff, including developers, as a key procedural/people security control1. Additionally, specialized training programs likethose offered by SANS Security Awareness for developers focus on building a secure culture and mitigating vulnerabilities in critical web applications, which aligns with the principles of secure coding and awareness2.

 In the context of information security, risk is typically calculated as the product of likelihood and impact. This formula encapsulates the probability of a vulnerability being exploited (likelihood) and the potential damage or loss that could result from such an event (impact). The goal is to quantify the level of risk in order to prioritize mitigation efforts effectively. Options B, C, and D do not represent standard risk calculation formulas in information security management.

References: The BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles outlines the importance of understanding risk management within the domain of information security. It emphasizes the need for calculating risks to inform security controls and decision-making processes1. Additionally, ISO 27001, a leading international standard for information security management systems, also supports the formula of Risk = Likelihood * Impact as part of its risk assessment and treatment methodology2.

Quantitative risk assessment is the process of objectively measuring risk by assigning numerical values to the probability of an event occurring and its potential impact. This method is most likely to provide objective support for a security Return on Investment (ROI) case because it allows for the calculation of potential losses in monetary terms, which can be directly compared to the cost of implementing security measures. By quantifying risks and their financial implications, organizations can make informed decisions about where to allocate resources and how to prioritize security investments to maximize ROI. This approach is particularly useful when making a business case to stakeholders who require clear, financial justification for security expenditures.

References: The use of quantitative risk assessment for supporting security ROI is consistent with the principles of Information Security Management, as it provides a structured and measurable method to evaluate and manage risks. It aligns with the Information Risk and Security Lifecycle domains, which emphasize the importance of understanding and addressing risks in a quantifiable manner12345.

Security by Design’ in software engineering refers to the practice of integrating security measures into the software development process from the very beginning. This approach ensures that security is not an afterthought but a fundamental component of the system’s architecture and design. It involves continuous testing, authentication safeguards, and adherence to best programming practices to make systems as free of vulnerabilities and impervious to attack as possible1. By incorporating security early in the design process, potential flaws can be identified and mitigated early on, significantly reducing the cost and complexity of addressing security issues later in the development lifecycle23.

References: The concept of ‘Security by Design’ is well-documented in software engineering literature and aligns with the principles outlined in the BCS Information Security Management Principles, which advocate for proactive and integrated security measures throughout the software development process231.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the current specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). AES is a symmetric block cipher that can encrypt (encipher) and decrypt (decipher) information, converting data to an unintelligible form called ciphertext and back to its original form, plaintext. The AES algorithm is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits to encrypt and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits. It was selected by NIST as a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) to protect electronic data and is widely recognized and used for secure data encryption1.

References: The BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles outlines the importance of understanding various encryption algorithms, including AES, for protecting electronic data. The NIST publication on AES provides detailed information about the standard and its application1.

When selecting a third-party digital forensics service provider, it is crucial to ensure that the company has the appropriate accreditations and the staff hold relevant certifications. This ensures that the service provider adheres to recognized standards and best practices in digital forensics, which is essential for the integrity and admissibility of evidence. Company accreditation provides assurance that the organization follows industry-recognized quality standards, while staff certification demonstrates that the individuals handling the forensic process are qualified and competent. This combination is vital for maintaining the credibility of the forensic investigation and the security of the data handled.

References: The BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles emphasizes the importance of management issues, including risk management, security standards, and legislation, which are relevant when considering third-party services1.

Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are particularly effective in detecting zero-day attacks because they do not rely on known signatures, which zero-day attacks would not have. Instead, they monitor network behavior for deviations from a baseline of normal activity. This approach can identify suspicious activities that could indicate a novel or unknown threat, such as a zero-day exploit12345. These systems use various methods, including machine learning and deep learning, to detect patterns that could signify an attack, making them a robust solution against the unpredictable nature of zero-day threats12345.

References: The BCS Foundation Certificate in Information Security Management Principles emphasizes the importance of understanding different types of controls and their characteristics, including technical security controls like IDS, which are essential for managing the security of information systems6. The syllabus also covers the effectiveness of controls, which is relevant when considering the capabilities of anomaly-based IDS in the context of zero-day attack detection7.