Pass the WGU Courses and Certificates Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Questions and answers with CertsForce

This is the most likely event during the analysis phase. It involves:

Understanding the requirements: What specific capabilities are needed?

Breaking down the problem: How can those capabilities be achieved within the existing codebase, potentially by leveraging functions to organize and reuse code.

Technical Design: Starting to think about the structure of the solution without diving fully into implementation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A valid test checks if the algorithm produces the expected output for a given input, according to its specification. The algorithm outputs "OK" for numbers in the range [98.3, 98.9] (inclusive or exclusive bounds not specified, but typically inclusive in such problems) and "Not OK" otherwise. According to foundational programming principles, we evaluate each test case.

Specification:

Input in [98.3, 98.9] → Output: "OK".

Input outside [98.3, 98.9] → Output: "Not OK".

Option A: "Input 98.6. Ensure output is 'Not OK.'" Incorrect. Since 98.6 is between 98.3 and 98.9 (98.3 ≤ 98.6 ≤ 98.9), the output should be "OK", not "Not OK". This test is invalid.

Option B: "Input 98.6. Ensure output is 'OK.'" Correct. 98.6 is within the range, and the expected output is "OK", making this a valid test.

Option C: "Input 99.9. Ensure output is 'OK.'" Incorrect. 99.9 is outside the range (99.9 > 98.9), so the output should be "Not OK", not "OK". This test is invalid.

Option D: "Input 99.9. Ensure output is '98.9.'" Incorrect. The algorithm outputs either "OK" or "Not OK", not a numerical value like "98.9". This test is invalid.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithm Testing).

General Programming Principles: Testing and Validation.

W3Schools: “Python Conditions” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_conditions.asp).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A function definition specifies how a function operates, including its name, parameters (inputs), return type or values (outputs), and the statements it executes. According to foundational programming principles, a function definition is distinct from a function call or its usage.

Option A: "The function’s name, inputs, outputs, and statements." This is correct. A function definition includes:

Name (e.g., myFunction).

Inputs (parameters, e.g., int x, int y).

Outputs (return type or value, e.g., int or return x + y).

Statements (body, e.g., { return x + y; } in C).For example, in Python: def add(x, y): return x + y.

Option B: "A list of all other functions that call the function." This is incorrect. A function definition does not track or include its callers; it defines the function’s behavior.

Option C: "An invocation of a function’s name." This is incorrect. An invocation (call) is when the function is used (e.g., add(2, 3)), not its definition.

Option D: "The function’s argument values." This is incorrect. Argument values are provided during a function call, not in the definition, which specifies parameters (placeholders).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Function Definitions).

Python Documentation: “Defining Functions” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions).

W3Schools: “C Function Definitions” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

Here's the typical flow of the Waterfall software development model:

Analysis: This phase focuses on defining the problem and gathering detailed requirements for the software. Understanding the specific mathematical operations to support is a key part of this phase.

Design: Designers turn the requirements from the analysis phase into a concrete blueprint for the software. This includes architectural and detailed design decisions covering how those mathematical operations will be implemented.

Implementation: Developers take the design and translate it into working code, writing the modules and functions to perform the calculations.

Testing: Testers verify the software to ensure it meets the requirements, including testing how the implemented calculator functions handle different operations.

Maintenance: Ongoing support after deployment to address bugs and introduce potential changes or enhancements.

Why the other options are less accurate:

A. Design and Testing: While testing validates the calculator's functions, the determination of the required operations happens earlier in the process.

B. Implementation and Testing: Implementation builds the calculator, but the specifications and choice of operations happen before coding starts.

C. Design and Implementation: Though closely linked, the design phase finalizes the operation choices before implementation begins.

Safety and proper procedure are paramount when replacing a light bulb to avoid any electrical hazards or injuries. First, always ensure the lamp is turned off to prevent electrical shock. Next, carefully unscrew the broken or burnt-out bulb from the socket; it might be hot, so caution is advised. After removing the old bulb, screw in the new working bulb securely but without overtightening to avoid damaging the bulb or socket. Finally, turn the lamp on to verify that the new bulb is functioning properly.

References The answer and explanation are based on general knowledge and common safety practices for handling electrical appliances; specific documents or standards on Scripting and Programming Foundations are not applicable here.

The image displays multiple-choice options for ordering tasks needed to safely replace a lamp’s light bulb, providing an interactive learning method for understanding safety procedures in handling electrical items.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Body temperature in Fahrenheit typically includes decimal precision (e.g., 98.6°F). According to foundational programming principles, a floating-point type is suitable for values with decimal components.

Option A: "Integer." This is incorrect. Integers cannot store decimal values, and body temperature often requires precision (e.g., 98.6 ≠ 99).

Option B: "String." This is incorrect. While a string could store "98.6" as text, it’s not suitable for numerical calculations (e.g., averaging temperatures).

Option C: "Float." This is correct. A floating-point type (float) can store decimal values like 98.6, making it ideal for body temperature. For example, in C: float temp = 98.6;.

Option D: "Boolean." This is incorrect. Booleans store true/false values, not numerical temperatures.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Data Types).

Python Documentation: “Floating Point Types” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex).

W3Schools: “C Data Types” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_data_types.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm calculates the average of the numbers in NumList by summing them and dividing by the count. According to foundational programming principles, we trace the execution step-by-step.

Initial State:

NumList = [1, 3, 6, 6, 7, 3].

x = 0 (sum accumulator).

Count = 0 (counter).

Loop Execution:

For each Number in NumList:

x = x + Number (add number to sum).

Count = Count + 1 (increment counter).

Iterations:

Number = 1: x = 0 + 1 = 1, Count = 0 + 1 = 1.

Number = 3: x = 1 + 3 = 4, Count = 1 + 1 = 2.

Number = 6: x = 4 + 6 = 10, Count = 2 + 1 = 3.

Number = 6: x = 10 + 6 = 16, Count = 3 + 1 = 4.

Number = 7: x = 16 + 7 = 23, Count = 4 + 1 = 5.

Number = 3: x = 23 + 3 = 26, Count = 5 + 1 = 6.

Post-Loop:

x = x / Count = 26 / 6 = 4.333....

Round to nearest tenth: 4.333... ≈ 4.3 (not listed, see note).

Output: Put x to output.

Note: The expected output should be 4.3, but the closest option is 5.0, suggesting a possible error in the options or a different interpretation. Let’s verify:

Sum = 1 + 3 + 6 + 6 + 7 + 3 = 26.

Count = 6.

Average = 26 / 6 = 4.333... ≈ 4.3.

Since 4.3 is not an option, I re-evaluate the options. Option A (5.0) is the closest whole number, but this may indicate a typo in the problem (e.g., different NumList or no rounding). Assuming the intent is to select the closest, 5.0 is chosen tentatively.

Answer (Tentative): A (with note that 4.3 is the actual result, suggesting a possible error in options).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Loops and Arithmetic).

Python Documentation: “For Loops” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements).

W3Schools: “Python Loops” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_for_loops.asp).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Waterfall methodology is a linear, sequential approach with phases including requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), the design phase is where the specifics of how to build the program are defined, including system architecture, modules, and technical specifications.

Waterfall Phases Overview:

Analysis: Defines what the program should do (requirements, e.g., user needs or system goals).

Design: Defines how the program will be built (e.g., architecture, data models, function specifications).

Implementation: Writes the code based on the design.

Testing: Verifies the program meets requirements.

Option A: "Design." This is correct. The design phase produces detailed plans, such as system architecture, database schemas, and function or object specifications, outlining how the program will be constructed. For example, it might specify a function like calculateScore() or a class like User.

Option B: "Testing." This is incorrect. Testing verifies the implemented program, not the planning of how to build it.

Option C: "Analysis." This is incorrect. Analysis focuses on gathering requirements (what the program should do), not technical specifics of implementation.

Option D: "Implementation." This is incorrect. Implementation involves coding the program based on the design’s specifics, not defining them.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Waterfall Methodology).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Model).

Pressman, R.S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th Edition (Waterfall Design Phase).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The function K(s1, s2) outputs s1, followed by " and ", followed by s2. When called with K("sign", "horse"), it outputs "sign and horse". Calling it twice repeats this output. According to foundational programming principles, multiple function calls append their outputs in sequence unless specified otherwise (e.g., no newlines assumed unless explicit).

Single Call: K("sign", "horse") outputs "sign and horse".

Two Calls: The output is "sign and horse" followed by "sign and horse", resulting in "sign and horse sign and horse".

Option A: "sign and horse and sign and horse." This is incorrect. This suggests an extra "and" between the two outputs, which is not produced by the function.

Option B: "sign and horsesign and horse." This is incorrect. This implies no space between the two outputs, but typical output mechanisms (e.g., print in Python) may add spaces or newlines, and the space is explicit in the correct option.

Option C: "sign and horse." This is incorrect. This is the output of one call, not two.

Option D: "sign and horse." This is incorrect. Identical to C, it represents one call.

Option E: "sign and horse sign and horse." This is correct. It accurately represents the concatenated output of two calls: "sign and horse" twice.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Output).

Python Documentation: “Print Function” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print).

W3Schools: “C Output” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_output.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Markup languages, such as HTML and XML, are designed to structure and format content, not to perform computation or execute algorithms. According to foundational programming principles, this focus on describing content distinguishes markup languages from programming languages.

Option A: "It supports decomposing programs into custom types that often combine with other variable types into more concepts." This is incorrect. Markup languages do not support programming concepts like custom types or variable combinations. They focus on tagging content (e.g.,

for paragraphs).

Option B: "It allows variables to change type during execution." This is incorrect. Markup languages are not programming languages and do not involve variables or execution. Typing (dynamic or static) is irrelevant to markup languages.

Option C: "It requires fewer variables and variable conversions than other languages because the types can change during execution." This is incorrect. Markup languages do not use variables or support execution, so the concept of variable conversions or dynamic typing does not apply.

Option D: "It does not perform complex algorithms, but instead describes the content and formatting of webpages and other documents." This is correct. Markup languages like HTML and XML are used to define the structure and presentation of content (e.g., webpages, documents) without executing algorithms or performing computations.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “HTML Basics” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics).