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This is true because the default scope of a bean in Spring is singleton, which means that only one instance of the bean will be created and shared by the entire application context. The @Bean annotation on the accountRepository() method indicates that this method will return a bean that will be managed by Spring. However, this method will not be called every time the bean is needed, but only once when the bean is first created. Therefore, only one AccountRepository bean will be instantiated and injected into the TransferService and AccountService beans.

B. Spring provides a Dependency Injection container. True. One of the core features of Spring is its powerful Dependency Injection (DI) container, which helps manage the lifecycle and dependencies of the application’s components. E. Spring provides abstractions over infrastructure such as persistence and messaging. True. Spring provides a range of abstractions over various infrastructure concerns, such as persistence (with Spring Data and JPA), messaging (with Spring JMS and Spring AMQP), transaction management, and more. These abstractions simplify and unify the way developers interact with these systems.

Custom metrics can be measured using Meter primitives such as Counter, Gauge, Timer, and DistributionSummary: Spring Boot Actuator Metrics allows you to define and measure custom metrics using various Meter primitives. These primitives include Counter (counting occurrences), Gauge (providing a current value), Timer (measuring the time taken for a task), and DistributionSummary (collecting and summarizing distribution statistics).

C. Dependencies between application components can be managed external to the components.

This is true because dependency injection allows the application components to declare their dependencies without creating or obtaining them directly. Instead, the dependencies are provided by an external entity, such as the Spring container, which can read the configuration from XML files, annotations, or Java code1.

D. Configuration can be externalized and centralized in a small set of files.

This is true because dependency injection enables the separation of concerns between the application logic and the configuration. The configuration can be stored in a small number of files that can be easily changed without affecting the source code2.

F. Dependency injection facilitates loose coupling between components.

This is true because dependency injection reduces the direct dependencies between components, making them more reusable and testable. It also allows for easier substitution of different implementations of the same interface3.

B. Custom BeanPostProcessors can be implemented for Spring applications.

This is true because the BeanPostProcessor interface defines callback methods that you can implement to provide your own (or override the container’s default) instantiation logic, dependency resolution logic, and so forth1. You can configure multiple BeanPostProcessor instances, and you can control the order in which these BeanPostProcessor instances run by setting the order property1. For example, in this tutorial, a custom BeanPostProcessor is implemented to integrate Guava’s EventBus with Spring beans.

D. BeanPostProcessors are called during the initialization phase of a bean life cycle.

This is true because the BeanPostProcessor interface consists of exactly two callback methods: postProcessBeforeInitialization and postProcessAfterInitialization. When such a class is registered as a post-processor with the container, for each bean instance that is created by the container, the post-processor gets a callback from the container both before container initialization methods (such as InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet() or any declared init method) are called, and after any bean initialization callbacks1.

Enable auto-configuration of the Spring Application Context, attempting to guess and configure beans that you are likely to need https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/api/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/EnableAutoConfiguration.html

https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/reference/core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.html

Spring Security is a framework that provides comprehensive security services for Java applications, such as authentication, authorization, encryption, session management, and more. One of its features is method security, which allows applying access control rules at the method level using annotations or XML configuration. Another feature is authentication, which is the process of verifying the identity of a user or a system. Spring Security supports various authentication mechanisms, such as username and password, tokens, certificates, etc., and can access authentication data from different sources, such as databases, LDAP directories, in-memory stores, etc.