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Timing aspects, real-time/near real-time (synchronous or asynchronous), batch and update frequency are relevant details that an integration architect should seek to specifically solve for integration architecture needs of the program. These details help to determine the appropriate integration pattern, technology, and solution for the business requirements. Core functional and non-functional requirements for User Experience design, Encryption needs, Community and license choices are important for the overall program design, but not specific to the integration architecture needs. Integration skills, SME availability, and Program Governance details are also important for the program execution, but not specific to the integration architectureneeds.

Using a Connected App for each external system integration is a good solution because it can provide security, auditing, and monitoring features for each integration. A Connected App is an application that can connect to Salesforce using APIs and OAuth as an authentication protocol. A Connected App can also enforce policies such as IP restrictions, login hours, and session timeout for each integration. Using a shared integration user for the three external system integrations is not a good solution because it violates the principle of least privilege, as well as makes it difficult to audit the activities of each system. Using a shared Connected App for the three external system integrationsis also not a good solution because it does not allow for granular control and visibility of each integration. Using a unique integration user for each external system integration is not enough to meet the security and auditing requirements, as it does not provide any mechanism for authentication, authorization, or encryption. Reference: Salesforce Integration Architecture Designer Resource Guide, page 20-21

Using an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) to determine which shipping service to use, and transform requests to the necessary format is a good solution because it can provide routing, transformation, mediation, and orchestration capabilities for integrating different services. An ESB can also abstract the complexity and heterogeneity of the services from the client application, which simplifies the integration. Using Outbound Messaging to requestcosts and delivery times from Shipper delivery services with automated error retry is not a good solution because Outbound Messaging is a Salesforce-specific feature that uses SOAP web services, which may not be compatible with all shipping services. UsingAPEX REST Service to implement routing logic to the various shipping service is also not a good solution because it can introduce performance and scalability issues, as well as increase the maintenance cost and complexity of the code. Using Enterprise Service Bus user interface to collect shipper-specific form data is not a valid option because an ESB does not have a user interface component. Reference: Salesforce Integration Architecture Designer Resource Guide, page 16-17

The Fire and Forget pattern is suitable for this business use case because it allows sending a message from Salesforceto the remote system without waiting for a response or acknowledgement. This reduces the latency and complexity of the integration and enables asynchronous processing of the orders in the remote system. The platform event defined in Salesforce can be used to publish the order details to the remote system, which can subscribe to the event and create the order accordingly1

Using request and reply is the recommended integration pattern for this use case because it allows the support agents to send a request to the core banking system and receive a response with the bank account ID in real-time. This way, the support agents can inform the customers with the newly created bank account ID without anydelay or inconsistency. Using streaming API to generate push topic is not a good solution because it is used for event-driven integration, not for web-service integration. Using outbound message is also not a good solution because it is a Salesforce-specific feature that uses SOAP web services, which may not be compatible with the core banking system. Using Salesforce platform event is also not a good solution because it is used for event-driven integration, not for web-service integration. Reference: Salesforce Integration Architecture Designer ResourceGuide, page 29-30

 Configuring Identity Type, Certificate, and CSRF Protection for OData connection are threeconfigurations that an Integration Architect should recommend to secure requests coming from Salesforce. Identity Type is used to specify the authentication method for the OData connection, such as Basic Authentication, OAuth 2.0, or Named Principal. Certificate is used to enable SSL/TLS encryption for the OData connection, which protects the data in transit from eavesdropping or tampering. CSRF Protection is used to prevent cross-site request forgery attacks, which exploit the trust between the user and Salesforce by sending malicious requests from another website. Configuring Special Compatibility for OData connection is not a configuration that is related to security, but rather to compatibility issues with different versions or implementations of OData.Configuring CSRF Protection on External Data Source is not a configuration that can be done in Salesforce, but rather on the external data source itself. Reference: Salesforce Connect: Custom Adapters Developer Guide, page 9-10

The integration consultant should consider the following authorization and authentication needs while integrating the DMS and ESB with Salesforce:

Users should be authorized to view information specific to the customer they are servicing without a need to search for customer. This means that the integration should providea seamless and contextual access to the customer billing information and generated bills from the DMS and ESB, based on the customer record or case that the user is working on in Salesforce.

Consider Enterprise security needs for access to DMS and ESB. This means that the integration should comply with the security policies and standards of the Enterprise, such as encryption, auditing, logging, monitoring, etc.

Users should be authenticated into DMS and ESB without having to enter username and password. This means that the integration should use a single sign-on (SSO) mechanism that allows users to access multiple systems with one login credential, such asOAuth or SAML34

References: Authorization Through Connected Apps and OAuth 2.0, Single Sign-On for Desktop and Mobile Applications using SAML and OAuth

Change Data Capture (CDC) is the best option to meet the requirement. CDC is a type of streaming event that notifies subscribers of changes to Salesforce records, such as creation, update, delete, and undelete operations. By subscribing to CDC events for the course registration data, the LMS can receive real-time updates and sync with Salesforce. Streaming API is another type of streaming event that notifies subscribers of changes to Salesforce records that match a SOQL query. However, Streaming API has some limitations, such as not supporting all SOQL features and not capturing delete and undelete operations. Platform Event is a type of streaming event that delivers custom notifications within the Salesforce platform or from external sources. Platform Event is not suitable for this requirement because it is not tied to Salesforce records and requires custom logic to publish and subscribe. Outbound Message is a workflow action that sends SOAP messages with field values to designated endpoints. Outbound Message is not suitable for this requirement because it does not support complex data types, such as sObjects or collections.

 Invoking middleware service to retrieve valid shipping methods is a solution that can allow the sales representatives to select between valid services for the customer’s country. The middleware service can act as a single point of entry for all shipping services and provide routing and transformation capabilities. Using middleware to abstract the call to the specific shipping services is a solution that can allow the sales representatives to request shipping estimates from the selected service. The middleware can hide thecomplexity and heterogeneity of the shipping services and provide mediation and orchestration capabilities. Using Platform Events to construct and publish shipper-specific events is not a solution, as Platform Events are used for event-driven integration,not for web-service integration. Storing shipping services in a picklist that is dependent on a country picklist is not a solution, as it does not address how to request shipping estimates from the shipping services. Reference: Salesforce Integration Architecture Designer Resource Guide, page 16-17

 Reducing the batch size of asynchronous BULK API and submitting the legacy system in parallel mode are two recommendations that can improve the integration performance. The BULK API is designed to handle large-scale data loads, but it can also cause latency issues if the batch size is too large or the network bandwidth is insufficient. Reducing the batch size can help to avoid timeouts and improve throughput. Submitting the legacy system in parallel mode can also speed up the integration process by allowing multiple batches to be processed concurrently, as long as there are no dependencies or conflicts between them. Reference: Salesforce Integration Architecture Designer Resource Guide, page 21