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Loopfree-alternate is a mechanism that enables fast re-route for link-state routing protocols, it allows the router to find a backup path for both Node-SID and Adjacency-SID segments, so that they become protected by fast re-route.

A PCC-initiated LSP is an LSP that is established and controlled by the PCC (Path Computation Client) which is typically a head-end router. The PCC sends LSP setup and teardown requests to the PCE and also reports the existence and state of the LSPs to the PCE. The PCE then uses this information to perform path computation and to monitor the state of the LSPs.

This type of advertisement carries a router's local SRGB information, which is used to distribute information about the local SID allocation range

PCE does not have the capability to reserve bandwidth, This is a function of a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) or a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and is done locally on the PE.

PCE can have advantages such as:

The ability to create cross-area TE-constrained LSP paths

The ability to create LSPs with primary and secondary paths

The ability to ensure that some LSP paths are disjoint

it can be used to optimize the path computation by centralizing the path calculation and by taking into account a global view of the network.

Intermediate routers do not maintain any tunnel informal: this statement is false, Intermediate routers do maintain tunnel information, such as the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to forward the packets according to the path specified in the packets.

Flex-Algo LSPs are a type of LSP that allows for greater flexibility in configuring traffic engineering constraints. This is because flex-algo LSPs can be configured with a unique set of traffic engineering constraints for each LSP, whereas SR-TE LSPs use a predefined set of traffic engineering constraints that applies to all LSPs.

Label stack size of the encapsulated data packets, List of traffic-engineering constraint types available to choose from, and Ability to associate one primary and up to two secondary paths to the same LSP are not the advantages of flex-algo LSPs over SR-TE LSPs.

In SR-TE, the admin-group is represented by a 32-bit value, where each bit represents a different admin-group. The value Ox11 in binary is 000100010001, which has two bits set to 1, indicating that the interface belongs to two different admin groups. The exact admin-groups that the interface belongs to depends on how the admin-groups have been configured on the router.

The exhibit shows that both R-LFA and TI-LFA have been enabled on router R1. R-LFA (Remote Loop-Free Alternate) is a method that is used to protect the active segment of a tunnel, and it allows the router to find a backup path that coincides with the path that will become active after IGP reconvergence. TI-LFA (Topology Independent LFA) is a method that is used to protect an end-to-end multi-segment tunnel, it allows the router to find a backup path that does not rely on the IGP topology, but on the segment routing topology.

With R-LFA and TI-LFA enabled, router R1 will use a D-LFA (Dual-Loop-Free Alternate) path, which is a combination of both R-LFA and TI-LFA, this path will coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence.

A standard LFA, R-LFA, and D-LFA which do not coincide with the path after IGP re-convergence are not the options.