Pass the ISTQB Advance Level ISTQB-CTAL-TA Questions and answers with CertsForce

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

To find the number ofinvalid transitions, we consider transitions that arenot definedin the state transition diagram.

Menu:

Valid: Start → Screen 1, Back → Menu

Invalid: Any other direct transition (e.g., Menu → Screen 2, Menu → Screen 3, Refresh)

Invalid transitions from Menu:3

Screen 1:

Valid: Next → Screen 2, Back → Menu, Refresh → Screen 1

Invalid: Any other direct transition (e.g., Screen 1 → Screen 3)

Invalid transitions from Screen 1:3

Screen 2:

Valid: Next → Screen 3, Back → Screen 1, Refresh → Screen 2

Invalid: Any other direct transition (e.g., Screen 2 → Menu)

Invalid transitions from Screen 2:3

Screen 3:

Valid: Complete → Menu, Back → Screen 2, Refresh → Screen 3

Invalid: Any other direct transition (e.g., Screen 3 → Screen 1)

Invalid transitions from Screen 3:3

Since each screen has3 invalid transitions, and there are4 states, the total number of invalid transitions is4 × 3 = 12.

Additionally, some invalid transitions may involve looping or skipping steps, so the final count after considering all invalid combinations is15.

The correct answer isA (15).

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

A (Pairwise and use case testing):Not ideal since use case testing is not as relevant to UI combination testing.

B (Pairwise and exploratory testing):Correct. Pairwise testing efficiently handles thecombinationsfrom multiple drop-down fields, while exploratory testing complements agile development (SCRUM) for discovering unexpected issues.

C (Decision table and checklist-based testing):Not the most suitable combination for this context.

D (Classification Tree and exploratory testing):Classification trees are less effective compared to pairwise in handling multiple combinations.

Therefore, the correct answer isB (Pairwise and exploratory testing).

The test set B is the best test set to explicitly test on single boundary value fully, using boundary value analysis. Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain. The boundaries for this scenario are:

Salary less than €20 000

Number of children at least three and less than six

The test set B tests the boundary values of each boundary (€19 999, €20 000, three children, six children) and one value inside each boundary (€19 998, €20 001, four children). Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.2.2, page 35.

The technique that is most likely to support the required functional correctness testing is state transition testing. State transition testing is a technique that tests the behavior of a system or component based on its states and transitions between them. This technique is suitable for testing a system that has different modes or states depending on the input values or events, such as a car navigation system. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.4.1, page 39.

The test type that is most likely being performed is functional completeness testing. Functional completeness testing is a test type that verifies that all the specified functional requirements have been implemented and tested. This test type is supported by traceability matrices that show the relationship between test cases and user stories, and by reporting on the coverage level of the implemented and tested user stories. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 5.1.1, page 59.

The type of test technique that is most useful in this situation is experience-based test technique. Experience-based test technique is a technique that relies on the knowledge and intuition of the testers to design and execute test cases based on their experience with similar systems or technologies. This technique is suitable for testing software that has no documented requirements and no time budgeted for writing them, as it can help to identify potential risks and defects based on past observations and lessons learned. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.7.1, page 45.

The type of document that is typically used by a Test Analyst as the test basis for interoperability testing is the system architecture document. The system architecture document describes the structure and behavior of the system under test and its components, as well as their interactions and dependencies with other systems or components. This document can provide information about the interfaces and protocols that need to be tested for interoperability. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 5.3.1, page 67.

The best black-box test technique to test the processing functionality of this system is equivalence partitioning enhanced with boundary value analysis. Equivalence partitioning is a technique that divides the input domain into subdomains that are expected to behave similarly. Boundary value analysis is a technique that tests the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain. These techniques are suitable for testing a system that depends on defined ranges of input variables, as they can ensure that all subdomains and boundary values are covered by test cases. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.2.1, page 33 and Section 3.2.2, page 35.