Pass the GAQM GAQM: Management CITM-001 Questions and answers with CertsForce

 A relation is a type of association that describes how two or more entities are related to each other. A relation can have different properties, such as cardinality, optionality, and directionality, that specify the nature and constraints of the association. A relation can also have attributes that store information about the association. For example, a relation between Employee and Project entities can have an attribute called Role that indicates the role of each employee in each project. A relation can be represented by a line connecting the entities in an entity-relationship diagram (ERD). References: Association and Associative entity - IBM, When to use Associative entities? - Stack Overflow, [Entity-Relationship Model - Tutorialspoint].

Lower level management, also known as supervisory or operational management, is the lowest tier of the managerial hierarchy. It consists of managers who oversee the work of employees and report to middle level managers. Lower level managers can make use of the managerial hierarchy to obtain approvals or additional guidance from their superiors when they face problems or challenges that are beyond their authority or expertise. The managerial hierarchy also helps lower level managers to communicate and coordinate with other managers and departments within the organization. References: 3, CITM Study Guide, Chapter 2: Organizational Structure and Design, Section 2.1: Types of Organizational Structures, Page 18.

 An international strategy is much like the multinational strategy as there are autonomous local subsidiaries that operate independently from the headquarters. However, unlike the multidomestic strategy, the international strategy does not involve extensive customization of products and services to local markets. Instead, the international strategy relies on offering a standardized product worldwide with little or no change. The international strategy is suitable for firms that face low pressure for global integration and low pressure for local responsiveness. Examples of firms pursuing an international strategy are Harley Davidson, Starbucks, and Rolex. References: International Business Strategy EXPLAINED with EXAMPLES | B2U, 9.4 Types of International Strategies – Strategic Management

Whatsup is an application software that allows users to send text messages, voice messages, make voice and video calls, and share images, documents, user locations, and other media. Whatsup is a cross-platform instant messaging subscription because it works on different operating systems such as Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and KaiOS, and it requires users to pay a yearly fee after the first year of use. Whatsup uses the user’s phone number as the primary identifier and encrypts all communication end-to-end. References: Whatsup - Wikipedia, Whatsup FAQ - About Whatsup, Whatsup FAQ - How to verify your number, Whatsup FAQ - How to access your messages and media.