The formation of sand dunes, as shown in the picture, is primarily due to the process of deposition by wind. Wind transports sand and other fine particles over long distances, and when the wind speed decreases, these particles settle and accumulate, forming dunes. This process is particularly common in arid and semi-arid regions where vegetation is sparse, allowing the wind to move freely.
References:
Integrated Physical Sciences documents on erosion and deposition.
Geological studies on desert environments and sand dune formation.
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