Elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. Phosphorus (P) is in the same group as nitrogen (N), Group 15, and thus has similar chemical properties. In comparison:
Neon (Ne) is a noble gas in Group 18.
Silicon (Si) is in Group 14.
Boron (B) is in Group 13.
References:
Integrated Physical Sciences Learning Resources, Chapter on the Periodic Table
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