The issue described involves hitting DML limits due to a high volume of records (over 10,000) being processed in a single transaction. In Salesforce, a single synchronous transaction or a standard Scheduled Apex job has strict governor limits on the number of DML statements (150) and the total number of records processed (10,000 for DML rows).

To resolve this, the developer should implement the Database.Batchable interface. Batch Apex is specifically designed to handle large data volumes by breaking the processing into smaller, manageable chunks (batches) of records (default 200). Each batch runs within its own transaction context, resetting the governor limits for that specific batch. This prevents the "Too many DML rows" exception. While Queueable (Option D) and @future (Option C) provide asynchronous processing, they are not inherently designed to iterate over large datasets in the same robust, governor-limit-safe manner as Batch Apex, particularly when the record count exceeds the thousands.