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In Salesforce, all triggers that fire as a result of an initial DML operation ru39n within the same execution context and the same transaction. This means that all governor limits—such as the limit of 10,000 records processed by DML statements—are shared across the entire chain of events.

In this scenario, the transaction begins with the update of 200 Accounts. The Account trigger then attempts to update 10,000 related Contacts (50 Contacts per Account across 200 Accounts). This update of 10,000 Contacts then fires the Contact trigger, which attempts to update 10,000 related Campaign Members. When the system attempts to process these updates, the total number of records processed via DML in a single transaction will exceed the platform limit of 10,000 rows.

Even though the Account update is only 200 records, the subsequent cascading updates (10,000 Contacts + 10,000 Campaign Members) bring the total DML count to 20,200. This triggers a LimitException, and because Apex transactions are atomic, the entire operation will fail and roll back. To resolve this, the developer would need to handle these updates asynchronously (e.g., using Batch Apex or Queueable) to split the cascading updates into separate transactions with their own sets of governor limits.

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