The loan-to-value ratio (LTV) is the loan amount compared to the property’s value or purchase price.
A lower LTV ratio means that the borrower must make a larger down payment, reducing the lender’s risk.
A higher LTV ratio (A) increases risk and is more common in loose lending markets.
C (balloon payments) is a loan feature, not directly related to tightening standards.
D (waiving ECOA) is illegal; lenders cannot require waiving anti-discrimination protections.
Thus, in tighter credit markets, lenders protect themselves by requiring lower LTV ratios.
[Reference: Massachusetts Real Estate Salesperson Candidate Handbook – Financing; Federal Reserve Lending Guidelines., ]
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