Risk modification is one of the four risk treatment options defined by ISO/IEC 27001, which involves applying controls to reduce the likelihood and/or impact of the risk. By requiring its employees to change their email passwords at least once every 60 days, Company A has implemented a risk modification option to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to its email accounts. Changing passwords frequently can make it harder for attackers to guess or crack the passwords, and can limit the damage if a password is compromised.

The other three risk treatment options are:

Risk avoidance: This option involves eliminating the risk source or discontinuing the activity that causes the risk. For example, Company A could avoid the risk of email compromise by not using email at all, but this would also mean losing the benefits of email communication.

Risk retention: This option involves accepting the risk and its consequences, either because the risk is too low to justify any treatment, or because the cost of treatment is too high compared to the potential loss. For example, Company A could retain the risk of email compromise by not implementing any security measures, but this would expose the company to potential breaches and reputational damage.

Risk transfer: This option involves sharing or transferring the risk to a third party, such as an insurer, a supplier, or a partner. For example, Company A could transfer the risk of email compromise by outsourcing its email service to a cloud provider, who would be responsible for the security and availability of the email accounts.