The act step in the PDCA cycle validates improvements by taking actions to address any gaps, nonconformities, or opportunities for improvement identified in the check step. The act step also involves reviewing the effectiveness of the actions taken and determining whether further improvement is possible or necessary. The act step closes the PDCA cycle and leads to a new plan step for the next cycle of continual improvement. The act step is one of the key requirements of ISO 22301, as it demonstrates theorganization’s commitment to enhance its business continuity capability and performance. References: ISO 22301 Auditing eBook, page 10 1; ISO 22301:2019, clause 0.3 2