The two types of Proactive Actions & Controls in the IACM are:

Prevent/Deter Actions & Controls:

Focus on avoiding unfavorable events and reducing risks before they occur.

Example: Implementing security protocols to deter cyberattacks.

Promote/Enable Actions & Controls:

Facilitate the realization of opportunities and favorable outcomes.

Example: Employee training programs to improve productivity.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A: Reactive and passive actions are not proactive by definition.

C: Centralization/decentralization pertains to organizational structure.

D: Quantitative and qualitative are methods, not categories of controls.