The primary difference between security policies and security procedures is that policies are generic in nature, and procedures contain operational details. Security policies are the high-level statements or rules that define the goals, objectives, and requirements of security for an organization. Security procedures are the low-level steps or actions that specify how to implement, enforce, and comply with the security policies.
A. Policies are used to enforce violations, and procedures create penalties is not a correct answer, as it confuses the roles and functions of policies and procedures. Policies are used to create penalties, and procedures are used to enforce violations. Penalties are the consequences or sanctions that are imposed for violating the security policies, and they are defined by the policies. Enforcement is the process or mechanism of ensuring compliance with the security policies, and it is carried out by the procedures.
B. Policies point to guidelines, and procedures are more contractual in nature is not a correct answer, as it misrepresents the nature and purpose of policies and procedures. Policies are not merely guidelines, but rather mandatory rules that bind the organization and its stakeholders to follow the security principles and standards. Procedures are not contractual in nature, but rather operational in nature, as they describe the specific tasks and activities that are necessary to achieve the security goals and objectives.
C. Policies are included in awareness training, and procedures give guidance is not a correct answer, as it implies that policies and procedures have different audiences and functions. Policies and procedures are both included in awareness training, and they both give guidance. Awareness training is the process of educating and informing the organization and its stakeholders about the security policies and procedures, and their roles and responsibilities in security. Guidance is the process of providing direction and advice on how to comply with the security policies and procedures, and how to handle security issues and incidents.
References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, page 17; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, page 13
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