Transport Layer Security (TLS) helps mitigateman-in-the-middle (MITM) attacksby providing encryption, authentication, and integrity protection for data transmitted between communicating systems. TLS ensures that data exchanged between a client and server cannot be intercepted, modified, or read by unauthorized third parties.
TLS uses digital certificates and public key cryptography to authenticate servers (and sometimes clients), preventing attackers from impersonating legitimate endpoints. It also encrypts session data using symmetric encryption, protecting confidentiality even if traffic is captured.
TLS does not prevent application-layer attacks such as XSS or SQL injection, which are caused by insecure application logic. It also does not address social engineering, which targets human behavior rather than network protocols.
Because MITM attacks exploit unencrypted or improperly authenticated connections, TLS is a primary defense recommended by NIST and all modern security standards for protecting data in transit.
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