Active observation is a technique of observing the behavior and activities of stakeholders while asking questions or participating in the work. Active observation can help to gain a deeper understanding of the work processes and environment of the stakeholders, as well as any issues or challenges they face. Active observation can also help to build rapport and trust with the stakeholders, and to elicit tacit or implicit knowledge that may not be easily expressed. In this case, Martha is using active observation by working alongside Sarah and helping her complete the work, so that Martha can understand all of the steps Sarah must complete. References: BABOK Guide v3, page 97; CBAP / CCBA Certified Business Analysis Study Guide, page 163.