Initialize – The router is starting up or has not joined a VRRP group.
Backup – The router is in standby and monitors the Master.
Master – The only state where the device forwards traffic for the virtual IP address.
Only the router in the Master state owns the virtual MAC and responds to ARP for the virtual IP.
Reference from Huawei HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Study Guide:
“In VRRP, only the Master forwards packets destined for the virtual IP address. Backup routers take over only if the Master fails.”
(Chapter: VRRP Concepts – Section: State Roles and Transitions)
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