Rationale for Correct Answer:

A: The plan is stale because state changed after it was created. The correct fix is to recreate the plan against the latest state and apply that new plan.

B: Running terraform apply without specifying the old plan causes Terraform to re-plan using the current state and configuration, then apply the resulting changes.

Analysis of Incorrect Options (Distractors):

C: -lock=false disables locking; it does not make an old plan valid and is unsafe in team environments.

D: -refresh-only changes what’s recorded in state (when applied) but does not “unstale” an existing saved plan file.

E: terraform state push is for advanced/manual state management and does not update a saved plan file; using it here is inappropriate and risky.

Key Concept: Saved plans are tied to a specific state snapshot; if state changes, you must re-plan.