The best options for reducing toil in the pipeline and minimizing the amount of time it takes to complete an end-to-end deployment are to create a trigger to notify the required team to complete the next step when manual intervention is required and to automate promotion approvals from the development environment to the test environment. A trigger is a resource that initiates a deployment when an event occurs, such as a code change, a schedule, or a manual request. You can create a trigger to notify the required team to complete the next step when manual intervention is required by using Cloud Build or Cloud Functions. This way, you can reduce the waiting time and human errors in the pipeline. A promotion approval is a process that allows you to approve or reject a deployment from one environment to another, such as from development to test. You can automate promotion approvals from the development environment to the test environment by using Google Cloud Deploy or Cloud Build. This way, you can speed up the deployment process and avoid manual steps.