Many organizations create network maps of their network system. These maps can be made manually using simple tools such as Microsoft Visio, or the mapping process can be simplified by using tools that integrate auto network discovery with Network mapping. Many of the vendors from the Notable network Mappers list enable a user to do the following: Customize the maps Include one's own labels Add un-discoverable items Add background images Sophisticated mapping is used to help visualize the network and understand relationships between end devices and the transport layers that provide service. Items such as bottlenecks and root cause analysis can be easier to spot using these tools. There are three main techniques used for network mapping: SNMP-based approaches, Active Probing, and Route analytics. The SNMP-based approach retrieves data from Router and Switch MIBs in order to build the network map. The Active Probing approach relies on a series of trace route like probe packets in order to build the network map. The Route analytics approach relies on information from the routing protocols to build the network map. Each of the three approaches has advantages and disadvantages in the methods that they use. Answer: D is incorrect. Packet crafting is a technique that allows probing firewall rule-sets and finding entry points into the targeted system or network. This can be done with a packet generator. A packet generator is a type of software that generates random packets or allows the user to construct detailed custom packets. Packet generators utilize raw sockets. This is useful for testing implementations of IP stacks for bugs and security vulnerabilities.