In strategic communication management, the first and most critical step in building a communication plan is defining the target audience and identifying the desired change in their knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors. Option D reflects the foundational principle that communication strategy begins with people and purpose—not tools, metrics, or competitive scanning.

A communication plan exists to influence specific audiences in specific ways. Until the target audience is clearly defined, communicators cannot make informed decisions about messaging, channels, tone, timing, or success measures. Equally important is clarifying how the audience should think, feel, or act differently as a result of the communication. This change objective anchors the entire strategy and ensures alignment with the business plan for the product launch.

The other options represent important but sequential steps. Tracking and reporting processes are necessary for evaluation, but they can only be designed once objectives and audiences are clear. Reviewing competitor communication can inform positioning, but it should not dictate strategy before the organization defines its own priorities and desired outcomes. Selecting communication tools is a tactical decision that must follow strategic choices, not precede them.

Strategic communication management emphasizes outcome-driven planning. By starting with the audience and the intended change, communicators ensure that all subsequent decisions—key messages, channels, cadence, and measurement—are purposeful and coherent. This approach also strengthens accountability, as success can be evaluated based on whether the defined audience actually changed in the intended way.

Defining the target audience and desired behavioral or perceptual shift establishes clarity, focus, and strategic discipline. It transforms the communication plan from a list of activities into a strategic instrument that directly supports the success of the new product launch.