CSI’s Construction Specifications Practice Guide and CDT materials provide clear guidance on appropriate wording in specifications. They stress:

Use clear, specific, and enforceable language.

Avoid vague, subjective, or nontechnical terms that create ambiguity and open interpretation.

Among the answer choices, “Work” is the only word that is appropriate and standard in CSI-compliant specification text:

“Work” is a defined term in the General Conditions (and often Division 01), usually meaning the total construction and services required by the Contract Documents, including all labor, materials, equipment, and services necessary to complete the project.

Because it is defined and used consistently, “Work” is an acceptable and precise term for specification language. Example usage (conceptually): “Perform all Work in accordance with…”.

Why the other terms are inappropriate per CSI guidance:

A. AnyCSI recommends avoiding “any,” “either,” “etc.” and similar words because they are non-specific and create ambiguity. For example, “provide any fasteners as needed” does not clearly define what is required and can lead to disputes and inconsistent interpretation.

B. As perThe phrase “as per” is discouraged in CSI-style writing. It is considered informal and can be replaced by clearer, more direct phrasing such as “in accordance with,” “according to,” or “as indicated in.” CSI advocates for concise, plain, and unambiguous English in specs.

C. As requiredCSI strongly cautions against phrases like “as required” or “as necessary” when they are not tied to a clear condition or reference. They shift the decision to someone’s judgment later, instead of stating the requirement explicitly. If something is required, the specification should state what, when, and under what conditions, rather than simply saying “as required.”

Therefore, in a CSI-compliant specification, the term that is clearly appropriate from the options given is “Work” (Option D).

Relevant CSI references (no URLs):

CSI Construction Specifications Practice Guide – Chapters on language and writing style for specifications (clear, concise, complete, correct).

CSI Practice Guide for Principles & Formats of Specifications – Guidance on defined terms such as “Work.”

CSI CDT Body of Knowledge – Sections on specification-writing best practices and prohibited vague phrases.