The correct answer isCollect and process intelligence and data. In this scenario, theinitial threat hunting phaseoccurred when the SOC team received the alert and began analyzing SIEM logs to validate whether the activity was legitimate or malicious. This aligns directly with the first phase of the threat hunting lifecycle, which focuses on gathering, normalizing, and analyzing security-relevant data.

Threat hunting is a structured, hypothesis-driven process, but it always begins withdata collection and intelligence processing. This includes ingesting logs from identity providers, authentication systems, cloud platforms, VPNs, and endpoint telemetry into a SIEM. In this case, the alert regarding a sign-in from an unusual country triggered analysts to examine historical login patterns and geolocation data. By confirming that the user had never authenticated from that country, the team established that the event was anomalous and likely malicious.

Option B (Response and resolution) occurredafterthe initial phase, when the IT administrator reset the user’s password to contain the threat. Option C (Hypothesis) would involve formulating a theory such as “the account may be compromised due to credential theft,” but this step requires validated data first. Option D (Post-incident review) only happens after the incident has been fully resolved and lessons learned are documented.

From a professional cybersecurity operations perspective, this phase is critical becausehigh-quality data determines hunt effectiveness. Poor log coverage or incomplete identity telemetry would prevent analysts from confidently confirming the anomaly. This example also highlights why identity-related telemetry is foundational to modern threat hunting—compromised credentials remain one of the most common initial access vectors.

In short, before a SOC can hypothesize, respond, or improve controls, it must firstcollect and process accurate intelligence and data, making option A the correct answer.