TCP tracks segments being transmitted or received by assigning segment numbers, and UDP adjusts data flow according to network conditions.

TCP establishes a connection with the device on the other end before transferring, and UDP transfers without establishing a connection.

TCP sends data at a constant rate with error checking on upper protocol layers, and UDP provides error-checking and sequencing.

TCP immediately transmits data without waiting for a handshake, and UDP awaits a response from the receiver before sending additional data.