Answer C and D is the technically correct selection. An SDN controller tracks network topology and host information. That centralized intelligence lets applications request network behaviour while devices receive instructions through southbound communication. This aligns with Cisco CCNA 200-301 v1.1 because the exam blueprint requires engineers to recognize operational behaviour from configuration symptoms and topology requirements. Layer 2 forwarding remains a device data-plane function, and DDoS protection is not a generic required SDN-controller function. Treat the distractors carefully: most are real Cisco terms, but they solve a different problem or operate at a different layer. The selected answer is the one that would be used by an engineer on the device or in the design to produce the outcome stated in the question.
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