The correct answers are A and B because CCPS defines Management of Change (MOC) as a systematic process applied to all process-related changes across the lifecycle of a facility .

Option A is correct because MOC is specifically required for process-related changes , including modifications to equipment, chemicals, technology, procedures, and operating conditions. These changes can introduce new hazards or alter existing risks, making formal review essential.

Option B is also correct because MOC applies throughout the entire process lifecycle , including design, construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. CCPS emphasizes that changes can occur at any stage, and each must be evaluated for safety impact.

Option C (replacement in kind) is incorrect because true replacement in kind—where there is no change in specifications or function —does not require MOC. However, careful verification is needed to confirm it is truly identical.

Option D is incorrect because confirming operational readiness is part of Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR) , not MOC itself. Option E relates to auditing or compliance activities , not the purpose of MOC.

CCPS highlights that effective MOC ensures all changes are reviewed, authorized, and safely implemented , preventing unintended consequences.