Pass the DASCA Data Scientist SDS Questions and answers with CertsForce

Python’s built-in data containers are widely used in data science and programming:

Lists (Option A): Ordered, mutable sequences.

Tuples (Option B): Ordered, immutable sequences.

Dict (Option D): Dictionaries, key-value data structures implemented using hash tables.

LinkedList (Option C): Python does not provide a native linked list as a built-in container. While linked lists can be implemented manually or through external libraries (e.g., collections.deque for efficient appends/pops), they are not part of Python’s main native containers.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C (LinkedList).

Chess-playing algorithms are a classic application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in machine learning.

In RL, an agent (chess program) interacts with an environment (chessboard/game state).

It learns optimal strategies (policies) by trial and error, guided by reward signals (e.g., winning the game, capturing pieces).

Famous examples include DeepMind’s AlphaZero and earlier systems like IBM’s Deep Blue, which incorporated reinforcement principles along with heuristics.

Option B (Pattern density): Not a recognized ML paradigm.

Option C (Supervised learning): While supervised ML can be used to predict moves from labeled games, chess strategy learning is best modeled as reinforcement learning.

Option D (Clustering): Not applicable; clustering is unsupervised grouping of data.

Thus, chess-playing algorithms are best categorized as Reinforcement Learning → Option A.

Column-oriented databases store data by columns rather than by rows, enabling efficient queries over large datasets, especially in analytical workloads.

Cassandra (Option A): An open-source, highly scalable, distributed column-oriented NoSQL database.

HBase (Option B): An open-source, Hadoop-based, column-family NoSQL database modeled after Google BigTable.

Accumulo (Option C): An open-source, secure, sorted, distributed key/value store built on top of HDFS and based on Google BigTable.

Since all three (A, B, and C) are open-source column-oriented databases, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).

A daily stand-up meeting (also called a daily Scrum) is a short meeting (usually 15 minutes) that Agile teams hold to synchronize progress. Its agenda is structured around three key questions:

What was accomplished yesterday? (Progress review).

What is planned for today? (Work alignment).

What impediments or roadblocks exist? (Barriers identification).

This process enhances transparency, communication, and accountability, ensuring the team can quickly address obstacles and stay aligned with sprint goals.

Option A: Correct — yesterday’s work is discussed.

Option B: Correct — today’s planned tasks are outlined.

Option C: Correct — roadblocks are highlighted.

Option D: Incomplete since it misses C.

Option E: Correct — covers all agenda items.

Thus, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).

The DevOps movement evolved as a natural extension of the Agile methodology.

Agile (Option A): Agile emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility. While Agile improved software development speed, it created challenges in integrating development with IT operations. DevOps emerged to address this by bringing operations into the Agile cycle — enabling continuous integration, delivery, and deployment.

Waterfall (Option B): Incorrect. Waterfall is a rigid, sequential methodology, fundamentally opposite to the DevOps philosophy.

Promise-based algorithms (Option C): Not a methodology — irrelevant here.

Test-driven development and model-driven development (Option D): While these practices support DevOps, they are not the origin of the movement.

Thus, the DevOps movement is an outgrowth of Agile methodology.