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A disaster recovery plan would be useful when trying to restore IT infrastructure operations after a non-planned interruption. A disaster recovery plan is a document that outlines the steps and procedures to recover from a major disruption of IT services caused by natural or man-made disasters, such as fire, flood, earthquake, cyberattack, etc. A disaster recovery plan typically includes:

A list of critical IT assets and resources that need to be protected and restored

A list of roles and responsibilities of IT staff and stakeholders involved in the recovery process

A list of backup and recovery strategies and tools for data, applications, servers, networks, etc.

A list of communication channels and methods for notifying users, customers, vendors, etc.

A list of testing and validation methods for ensuring the functionality and integrity of restored systems

A list of metrics and criteria for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the recovery process

A disaster recovery plan helps IT organizations to minimize downtime, data loss, and financial impact of a disaster, as well as to resume normal operations as quickly as possible.

A core installation is a type of installation method that is best suited to meet the company policy that states no one is to log in directly to the server. A core installation is a minimal installation option that is available when deploying some editions of Windows Server. A core installation includes most but not all server roles and features, but does not include a graphical user interface (GUI). A core installation can only be managed remotely using command-line tools such as PowerShell or Windows Admin Center, or using graphical tools such as Server Manager or Remote Desktop from another computer. This reduces the attack surface, resource consumption, and maintenance requirements of the server. A GUI installation is a type of installation method that includes a graphical user interface (GUI) and allows local or remote management using graphical tools or command-line tools. A virtualized installation is a type of installation method that involves creating and running one or more virtual machines on a physical host using a hypervisor such as Hyper-V or VMware. A clone installation is a type of installation method that involves creating an exact copy of an existing server’s configuration and data on another server using tools such as Sysprep or Clonezilla. References: https://www.howtogeek.com/67469/the-beginners-guide-to-shell-scripting-the-basics/ https://www.howtogeek.com/443611/how-to-encrypt-your-macs-system-drive-removable-devices-and-individual-files/ https://www.howtogeek.com/199068/how-to-upgrade-your-existing-hard-drive-in-under-an-hour/

The power supply and the hard drive are two components that can most likely be swapped out while the server is still running, if they support hot swapping or hot plugging. Hot swapping or hot plugging means that the device can be added or removed without shutting down the system. The operating system automatically recognizes the changes that have been made. This feature is useful for minimizing downtime and improving availability. The CPU, the GPU, the cache, and the RAM are not hot swappable and require the system to be powered off before replacing them. References: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-hot-swapping/https://www.howtogeek.com/268249/what-is-hot-swapping-and-what-devices-support-it/

The steps in the troubleshooting theory that should be performed after a solution has been implemented are document the findings and notify the users. The troubleshooting theory is a systematic process of identifying and resolving problems or issues with a system or device. The troubleshooting theory consists of several steps that can be summarized as follows:

Identify the problem: Gather information, scope the issue, establish a theory of probable cause.

Establish a plan of action: Test the theory, determine next steps, escalate if necessary.

Implement the solution: Execute the plan, verify functionality, prevent recurrence.

Document the findings: Record actions taken, outcomes achieved, lessons learned.

Notify the users: Communicate resolution status, confirm satisfaction, provide follow-up.

Documenting the findings is an important step that helps create a record of what was done and why, what worked and what didn’t, and what can be improved or avoided in the future. Documenting the findings can also help with reporting, auditing, compliance, or training purposes. Notifying the users is another important step that helps inform the affected parties of what was done and how it was resolved, confirm that the problem is fixed and that they are satisfied with the outcome, and provide any follow-up instructions or recommendations.

Unexpected shutdowns. If the system is randomly shutting down or rebooting, the most likely cause is a heat problem.

Dynamic disk is a technology that allows an administrator to build a software RAID on a Windows server. Dynamic disk is a type of disk management that supports creating volumes that span multiple disks, stripe data across disks, mirror data between disks, or use parity for fault tolerance. Dynamic disk can be used to create RAID 0 (striping), RAID 1 (mirroring), RAID 5 (striping with parity), or spanned volumes on Windows servers. Logical volume management is a technology that allows creating and resizing logical volumes on Linux servers. GPT (GUID Partition Table) is a standard for defining the partition structure on a disk. UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is a specification for the interface between the operating system and the firmware. References: https://www.howtogeek.com/school/using-windows-admin-tools-like-a-pro/lesson2/ https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/40702/how-to-manage-and-use-lvm-logical-volume-management-in-ubuntu/ https://www.howtogeek.com/193669/whats-the-difference-between-gpt-and-mbr-when-partitioning-a-drive/https://www.howtogeek.com/56958/htg-explains-how-uefi-will-replace-the-bios/

The server is not joined to the domain is causing the issue. A domain is a logical grouping of computers that share a common directory database and security policy on a network. Active Directory is a Microsoft technology that provides domain services for Windows-based computers. To use Active Directory credentials to log on to a server, the server must be joined to the domain that hosts Active Directory. If the server is not joined to the domain, it will not be able to authenticate with Active Directory and will only accept local accounts for logon. To join a server to a domain, the administrator must have a valid domain account with sufficient privileges and must know the name of the domain controller that hosts Active Directory.

The concept of right to downgrade allows a previous version of an OS to be installed and covered by the same license as the newer version. For example, if a customer has a license for Windows 10 Pro, they can choose to install Windows 8.1 Pro or Windows 7 Professional instead and still be compliant with the license terms. Downgrade rights are granted by Microsoft for certain products and programs, such as Windows and Windows Server software acquired through Commercial Licensing, OEM, or retail channels. Downgrade rights are intended to provide customers with flexibility and compatibility when using Microsoft software.

Data at rest refers to data that is stored in a persistent state on any device or media, such as hard drives, tapes, or cloud storage. Data at rest does not move for long periods of time unless it is accessed or modified by authorized users or applications. A cold site (A) is a backup location that has minimal or no equipment and resources to resume business operations in case of a disaster. On-site retention © is a policy of keeping backup data on premises for a certain period of time before transferring it to an off-site location. Off-site storage (D) is a method of storing backup data in a remote location that is physically or logically separated from the primary site. References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/encryption-atrest https://www.techopedia.com/definition/144/cold-site https://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/backup/onsite-offsite-backup.htmlhttps://www.techopedia.com/definition/24195/offsite-storage