On the red cell membrane, there is a bicarbonate / chloride exchanger. This exchanger allows for bicarbonate to leave the red cells while chloride is allowed inside.
In blood, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with:
G6PD deficiency causes an increased suseptibility to the oxidation of hemoglobin, which in turn, causes the precipitation of hemoglobin inside of the red blood cell.
Which one of the following conditions is associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency?
Fatty casts contain refractile oval fat bodies or free fat droplets. They are derived from renal tubular cells, and may be seen in nephrotic syndrome.
Identify the urine sediment element:
In sickle cell anemia, rapid hemoglobin turnover may be present. HbA1C and other glycated hemoglobin assays are not valid in rapid hemoglobin turnover and in abnormal hemoglobin conditions. Fructosamine measurements can be used because of shorter half life of albumin.
HbA1C measurements are NOT ordinarily used to monitor long-term diabetic control in a diabetic with sickle cell anemia.
During primary hypothyroidism, where a defect in the thryoid gland is producing low levels of T3 and T4, the TSH level is increased. TSH is released in elevated quantities in an attempt to stimulate the thryoid to produce more T3 and T4 as part of a feedback mechanism.
Serum TSH levels five-times the upper limit of normal in the presence of a low T4 and low T3 uptake could mean which of the following:
Transmission-based precautions isolation categories include all of the following except:
In radioimmunassay, a fixed concentration of labeled antigen is incubated with a constant amount of antiserum such that the concentration of antigen binding sites on the antibody is limiting. If unlabeled antigen is added to this system, there is competition between labeled antigen and unlabeled antigen for the limited and constant number of binding sites on the antibody, and thus the amount of labeled antigen bound to antibody will decrease as the concentration of unlabeled antigen increases.
Which of the following choices is correct when describing the principles of competitive radioimmunoassay procedures?
The morphologic characteristic(s) associated with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome is (are):
The end of the initial phase of HH treatment is considered when the serum ferritin decreases to between 20 and 50 ng/mL.
What is a typical finding for determining the endpoint for the initial or iron-depletion phase of treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)?
Class C fires involve:
Question options:
This scenario's answer can be calculated by first deciding what the total quality control labor costs are as well as what the total consumable costs are. In this case, if quality control is run 3 times per day, a total of 1095 quality control runs are performed each year. The direct labor cost of $2.63 multiplied by 1095 quality control runs equals $2879.85 per year in quality control direct labor. The hospital pays $354.00 per month on quality control consumables, which equals $4248.00 per year. The total quality control costs in a year are equal to $2879.85 + $4248.00 = $7127.85. If 76,000 new chemistry tests panels are peformed each year, the total quality control cost per new chemistry test panel will be $0.09.
General Hospital is considering the addition of a new chemistry panel containing 12 tests. The laboratory is asked to calculate the total cost of quality control per new chemistry test panel. Quality control must be performed 3 times per day (every 8 hours). The labor cost per quality control test for this panel is $2.63. A month's worth of quality control reagent costs $354.00. What is the total quality control cost per new chemistry test panel if 76,000 of these new panels are performed each year?
Match each of the following:
1. Ratio of cellular area to total area in the bone marrow section.
2. Number of myeloid cells compared to nucleated erythroid cells.
3. Use low power to estimate their quantity and appearance.
4. Use Perls' Prussian blue stain.
The molecular weight of a hapten is by itself not sufficient to elicit an antibody response alone, but requires a protein to do so.
A hapten is only antigenic when it is coupled with which of the following:
Ferritin and hemosiderin are considered storage forms of iron.
Which substance(s) is/are considered iron storage compounds?
Diagnosis of malaria may require thick smears as well as conventional thin blood smears.
A definitive diagnosis of malaria can be made by:
