Pass the Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Foundational CLF-C02 Questions and answers with CertsForce

AWS CloudTrailis a service that enables governance, compliance, and operational and risk auditing of your AWS account. With CloudTrail, you can log, continuously monitor, and retain account activity related to actions across your AWS infrastructure. CloudTrail logs provide a history of AWS API calls for your account, including those made by the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command-line tools, and other AWS services. In this case, AWS CloudTrail will help the administrator identify which user deleted the resources by reviewing the event history that records details such as which user performed the action, the time of the action, and which resources were affected.

B. Amazon Inspector: Incorrect, as it is a security assessment service that helps identify vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices, not for tracking user activity.

C. Amazon GuardDuty: Incorrect, as it is a threat detection service that monitors malicious activity and unauthorized behavior, not specifically for tracking changes made by users.

D. AWS Trusted Advisor: Incorrect, as it provides best practices and guidance for cost optimization, security, fault tolerance, and performance, not for logging user actions.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS CloudTrail

AWS CodeDeployis a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services such as Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, and on-premises servers. CodeDeploy makes it easy to release new features, helps avoid downtime during application deployment, and handles the complexity of updating applications in a scalable and reliable manner.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon AppFlow: A service to automate data flows between AWS and SaaS applications, not for application deployment.

C. AWS PrivateLink: A service to securely access AWS services from your virtual private cloud (VPC), not related to application deployments.

D. Amazon EKS Distro: A Kubernetes distribution for running Kubernetes clusters, not specifically designed for automated deployments.

Reserved Instances (RIs)offer a significant discount (up to 75%) compared to On-Demand pricing in exchange for committing to use AWS for a period of 1 or 3 years. This pricing model is ideal for applications with predictable usage patterns or long-term commitments, such as critical production systems that will be running for at least 3 years.

A. On-Demand Instances: Incorrect, as they provide flexibility without commitment but are more expensive over the long term.

C. Spot Instances: Incorrect, as they offer the lowest cost for non-critical, interruptible workloads but are not suitable for critical production systems due to their potential for sudden termination.

D. AWS Free Tier: Incorrect, as it provides limited free usage for certain AWS services for a short period (typically one year) and is not intended for long-term production workloads.

AWS Cloud References:

Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances

VPC peering and AWS Transit Gateway are two AWS services or features that give users the ability to create a network connection between two VPCs. VPC peering is a networking connection between two VPCs that enables you to route traffic between them privately. You can create a VPC peering connection between your own VPCs, with a VPC in another AWS account, or with a VPC in a different AWS Region. Traffic between peered VPCs never traverses the public internet. VPC peering does not support transitive peering relationships, which means that if VPC A is peered with VPC B, and VPC B is peered with VPC C, then VPC A and VPC C are not automatically peered789. AWS Transit Gateway is a networking service that acts as a regional router for your VPCs and on-premises networks. You can attach up to 5,000 VPCs and VPN connections to a single transit gateway and route traffic between them. AWS Transit Gateway simplifies the management and scalability of your network architecture, as you only need to create and manage a single connection from the central transit gateway to each connected network. AWS Transit Gateway supports transitive routing, which means that any network thatis attached to the transit gateway can communicate with any other network that is attached to the same transit gateway . References: 7: VPC peering - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud, 8: Connect VPCs using VPC peering - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud, 9: Amazon VPC-to-Amazon VPC connectivity options - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud, : [AWS Transit Gateway - Amazon Web Services], : [Connect VPCs using AWS Transit Gateway - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud], : [AWS Transit Gateway: Simplify Your Network Architecture]

AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits, such as SQL injection attacks. It allows customers to create custom rules that block malicious requests. AWS Shield is a managed service that protects against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, not SQL injection attacks. Network ACLs and security groups are network-level security features that filter traffic based on IP addresses and ports, not web requests or SQL queries. References: [AWS WAF], [AWS Shield], [Network ACLs], [Security groups]

AWS Organizations is the AWS service or feature that allows users to create new AWS accounts, group multiple accounts to organize workflows, and apply policies to groups of accounts. AWS Organizations enables users to centrally manage and govern their AWS environment across multiple accounts. Users can create organizational units (OUs) to group accounts based on their business needs, such as by function, project, or region. Users can also apply service control policies (SCPs) toOUs or individual accounts to define the permissions and restrictions for the AWS services and resources that they can access. AWS Organizations also offers features such as consolidated billing, account creation automation, and trusted access12. References:

AWS Organizations

What is AWS Organizations?

TheAWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK)currently supports multiple programming languages, includingPythonandTypeScript. These languages allow developers to define cloud infrastructure using familiar programming constructs. Python and TypeScript are among the first languages supported by AWS CDK, which also supports Java, C#, and JavaScript. This enables developers to use their existing programming skills and tools to define cloud infrastructure in code.

B. Swift: Incorrect, as Swift is not currently supported by AWS CDK.

D. Ruby: Incorrect, as Ruby is not currently supported by AWS CDK.

E. PHP: Incorrect, as PHP is not currently supported by AWS CDK.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK)

Understanding High Availability: High availability (HA) refers to systems that are durable and likely to operate continuously without failure for a long time. HA ensures that an architecture can withstand failures with minimal downtime.

Importance of High Availability:

Redundancy: Systems are designed with redundancy to prevent single points of failure.

Fault Tolerance: Ensures that failures do not result in significant downtime, maintaining service continuity.

Automated Recovery: Utilizes automated recovery mechanisms to quickly restore services in the event of a failure.

AWS Services for High Availability:

Multi-AZ Deployments: Services like RDS, DynamoDB, and others support Multi-AZ deployments for fault tolerance.

Elastic Load Balancing: Distributes traffic across multiple instances or availability zones to ensure no single point of failure.

Auto Scaling: Automatically adjusts the number of instances based on demand, ensuring availability even during traffic spikes.

AWS Well-Architected Framework: Reliability

Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances are ideal for unpredictable workloads that do not require a long-term commitment. This option allows users to pay for compute capacity by the hour or second, with no long-term commitments. It is suitable for short-term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted and require flexibility. Option A is better suited for Reserved Instances, Option B is ideal for Spot Instances, and Option D is more suited for Reserved Instances due to cost optimization for long-term use.

"There is no long-term commitment required when you purchase On-Demand Instances. You pay only for the seconds that your On-Demand Instances are in the running state, with a 60-second minimum. The price per second for a running On-Demand Instance is fixed, and is listed on the Amazon EC2 Pricing, On-Demand Pricing page. We recommend that you use On-Demand Instances for applications with short-term, irregular workloads that cannot be interrupted."https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-on-demand-instances.html

 Elasticity in the AWS Cloud refers to the ability to acquire resources as you need them and release resources when you no longer need them. In the cloud, you want to do this automatically1. This means that you can rightsized resources as demand shifts, and you can easily procure resources when they are needed. Elasticity is not related to how quickly an Amazon EC2 instance can be restarted, the maximum amount of RAM an Amazon EC2 instance can use, or the pay-as-you-go billing model. These are aspects of scalability, performance, and cost, respectively2.

For more information on elasticity, you can refer to the following sources:

Elasticity - AWS Well-Architected Framework

Elastic - Reactive Systems on AWS

What is the difference between scalability and elasticity?

Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)is a scalable, fully managed, shared file storage service that is accessible from multiple Amazon EC2 instances. EFS is designed to provide highly available and durable file storage that can be mounted across multiple instances, making it ideal for shared file access.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. AWS Direct Connect: A network service to establish a dedicated network connection to AWS, not a file-sharing solution.

B. AWS Snowball Edge: A data transfer device for migrating data to and from AWS, not for ongoing file sharing.

C. AWS Backup: A service for centralized backup management, not for sharing files between EC2 instances.

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, customers are responsible for managing their data, applications, operating systems, security groups, and other aspects of their AWS environment. This includes installing updates and security patches of the guest operating system and any application software or utilities installed by the customer on the instances. AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the AWS Cloud, such as data centers, hardware, software, networking, and facilities. This includes the physical connectivity among Availability Zones, the network switch maintenance, and the hardware updates and firmware patches. Therefore, option D is the correct answer, and options A, B, and C are AWS responsibilities, not customer responsibilities. References: : AWS Well-Architected Framework - Elasticity; : Reactive Systems on AWS - Elastic

AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, and operational and risk auditing of an AWS account. It logs, continuously monitors, and retains account activity related to actions across an AWS infrastructure.

For auditing purposes:

CloudTrail records AWS API calls made in the account, including details about who made the request, the services used, the actions performed, and the response elements returned by AWS.

This information is critical for understanding user activity, detecting anomalous behavior, and performing security analysis and compliance auditing.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. AWS Config: AWS Config provides a detailed view of the configuration of AWS resources, including how resources are related and their compliance with internal policies, but it does not provide a comprehensive audit trail of user actions.

B. Amazon Rekognition: A service for image and video analysis, not relevant to auditing AWS account activity.

D. Amazon SNS: A notification service for sending alerts and messages, not used for auditing purposes.

AWS CloudTrail is a service that provides a record of actions taken by a user, role, or an AWS service in your AWS account. CloudTrail captures all API calls for AWS services as events, including calls from the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command line tools, and higher-level AWS services. You can use CloudTrail to monitor, audit, and troubleshoot your AWS accountactivity34. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides best practices recommendations for cost optimization, performance, security, and fault tolerance in your AWS account5. Amazon Inspector is a service that helps you improve the security and compliance of your applications deployed on AWS by automatically assessing them for vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices6. AWS X-Ray is a service that helps you analyze and debug your applications by collecting data about the requests that your application serves, and providing tools to view, filter, and gain insights into that data7. References: Logging AWS Audit Manager API calls with CloudTrail, Logging AWS Account Management API calls using AWS CloudTrail, Review API calls in your AWS account using CloudTrail, Monitor the usage of AWS API calls using Amazon CloudWatch, Which service enables customers to audit API calls in their AWS …

According to the AWS Shared Responsibility Model, AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, while the customer is responsible for the security in the cloud. This means that AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs AWS services, such as DynamoDB, while the customer is responsible for properly configuring the security of the provided service. For abstracted services, such as DynamoDB, the customer is primarily responsible for managing their data, classifying their assets, and using IAM tools to apply the appropriatepermissions12. Therefore, the customer is responsible for controlling the access to DynamoDB tables, such as by creating IAM policies, roles, and users, and using encryption and authentication mechanisms3. References:

Shared Responsibility Model - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Security and compliance in Amazon DynamoDB - Amazon DynamoDB

What is Shared Responsibility Model? - Check Point Software