Pass the Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Foundational CLF-C02 Questions and answers with CertsForce

AWS WAF is the AWS service or feature that offers HTTP attack protection to users running public-facing web applications. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps users protect their web applications from common web exploits, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and bot attacks. Users can create custom rules to define the web traffic that they want to allow, block, or count. Users can also use AWS Managed Rules, which are pre-configured rules that are curated and maintained by AWS or AWS Marketplace Sellers. AWS WAF can be integrated with other AWS services, such as Amazon CloudFront, Amazon API Gateway, and Application Load Balancer, to provide comprehensive security for web applications. [AWS WAF Overview] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

 Security groups are virtual firewalls that control the inbound and outbound traffic for Amazon EC2 instances. They can be used to allow access to an Amazon EC2 instance through only a specific port, such as port 22 for SSH or port 80 for HTTP. Security groups cannot deny access to malicious IP addresses at a subnet level, as they only allow or deny traffic based on the rules defined by the customer. To block malicious IP addresses, customers can use network ACLs, which are stateless firewalls that can be applied to subnets. Security groups cannot protect data that is cached by Amazon CloudFront, as they only apply to EC2 instances. To protect data that is cached by Amazon CloudFront, customers can use encryption, signed URLs, or signed cookies. Security groups are not stateless firewalls, as they track the state of the traffic and automatically allow the response traffic to flow back to the source. Stateless firewalls do not track the state of the traffic and require rules for both inbound and outbound traffic.

The AWS shared responsibility model describes how AWS and the customer share responsibility for security and compliance of the AWS environment. AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, which includes the physical security of AWS facilities, the infrastructure, hardware, software, and networking that run AWS services. The customer is responsible for security in the cloud, which includes the configuration of security groups, the encryption of customer data on AWS, the management of AWS Lambda infrastructure, and the management of network throughput of each AWS Region.

Testing recovery procedures is the design principle that is achieved by following the reliability pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework. The reliability pillar focuses on the ability of a system to recover from failures and prevent disruptions. Testing recovery procedures helps to ensure that the system can handle different failure scenarios and restore normal operations as quickly as possible. Testing recovery procedures also helps to identify and mitigate any risks or gaps in the system design and implementation. For more information, see [Reliability Pillar] and [Testing for Reliability].

 Security groups are the service or feature that meets the requirement of establishing a security layer in a VPC that will act as a firewall to control subnet traffic. Security groups are stateful firewalls that control the inbound and outbound traffic at the instance level. You can assign one or more security groups to each instance in a VPC, and specify the rules that allow or deny traffic based on the protocol, port, and source or destination. Security groups are associated with network interfaces, and therefore apply to all the instances in the subnets that use those network interfaces. Routing tables are used to direct traffic between subnets and gateways, not to filter traffic. Network ACLs are stateless firewalls that control the inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level, but they are less granular and more cumbersome to manage than security groups. Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors your AWS account and workloads for malicious or unauthorized activity, not a firewall service.

ACLs are an AWS service or feature that the developer can use to restrict read and write access to the S3 bucket. ACLs are access control lists that grant basic permissions to other AWS accounts or predefined groups. They can be used to grant read or write access to an S3 bucket or an object3. Security groups are virtual firewalls that control the inbound and outbound traffic for Amazon EC2 instances. They are not a service or feature that can be used to restrict access to an S3 bucket. Amazon CloudWatch is a service that provides monitoring and observability for AWS resources and applications. It can be used to collect and analyze metrics, logs, events, and alarms. It is not a service or feature that can be used to restrict access to an S3 bucket. AWS CloudTrail is a service that provides governance, compliance, and audit for AWS accounts and resources. It can be used to track and record the API calls and user activity in AWS. It is not a service or feature that can be used to restrict access to an S3 bucket.

The company should deploy the EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones to design a highly available application. Availability Zones are isolated locations within an AWS Region that are engineered to be fault-tolerant and operate independently of each other. By deploying the EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones, the company can ensure that their application can withstand the failure of an entire Availability Zone and continue to operate with minimal disruption. Deploying the EC2 instances across multiple edge locations, VPCs, or AWS accounts will not provide the same level of availability and fault tolerance as Availability Zones. Edge locations are part of the Amazon CloudFront service, which is a content delivery network (CDN) that caches and serves webcontent to users. VPCs are virtual networks that isolate the AWS resources within an AWS Region. AWS accounts are the primary units of ownership and access control for AWS resources12

To achieve high availability in the event of a natural disaster, the company should use EC2 instances in multiple AWS Regions. AWS Regions are geographically isolated areas that consist of multiple Availability Zones. Availability Zones are physically separate locations within an AWS Region that areengineered to be isolated from failures. By using EC2 instances in multiple AWS Regions, the company can ensure that its applications can continue to run even if one Region is affected by a disaster. AWS Global InfrastructureAWS Well-Architected Framework

 The operational excellence pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework includes a design principle about measuring the overall efficiency of workloads in terms of business value. This principle states that you should monitor and measure key performance indicators (KPIs) and set targets and thresholds that align with your business goals. You should also use feedback loops to continuously improve your processes and procedures1.

The options that are perspectives that include foundational capabilities of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) are operations and performance efficiency. The AWS CAF is a guidance that helps organizations design and travel an accelerated path to successful cloud adoption. The AWS CAF organizes the cloud adoption process into six areas of focus, called perspectives, which are business, people, governance, platform, security, and operations. Each perspective is divided into capabilities, which are further divided into skills and responsibilities. The operations perspective focuses on the management and monitoring of the cloud resources and applications, as well as the automation and optimization of the operational processes. The operations perspective capabilities are operations support, operations integration, and service management. The performance efficiency perspective focuses on the selection and configuration of the right cloud resources and services to meet the performance requirements of the applications, as well as the continuous improvement and innovation of the cloud solutions. The performance efficiency perspective capabilities are selection, review, and monitoring. Sustainability, security, and reliability are not perspectives of the AWS CAF, but they are aspects of the AWS Well-Architected Framework. The AWS Well-Architected Framework is a guidance that helps users build and operate secure, reliable, efficient, and cost-effective systems in the cloud. The AWS Well-Architected Framework consists of five pillars, which are operational excellence, security, reliability, performance efficiency, and cost optimization. Sustainability is a cross-cutting theme that applies to all the pillars, and refers to the environmental and social impact of the cloud solutions.

Reliability is the cloud concept that this architecture represents. Reliability is the ability of a system to recover from infrastructure or service disruptions, dynamically acquire computing resources to meet demand, and mitigate disruptions such as misconfigurations or transient network issues. Deploying an application to multiple AWS Regions and configuring automatic failoverbetween those Regions enhances the reliability of the application by reducing the impact of regional failures and increasing the availability of the application4

AWS Systems Manager is a service that enables users to centralize and automate the management of their AWS resources. It provides a unified user interface to view operational data, such as inventory, patch compliance, and performance metrics. It also allows users to automate common and repetitive tasks, such as patching, backup, and configuration management, across all of their Amazon EC2 instances1. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides best practices and recommendations to optimize the performance, security, and cost of AWS resources2. AWS CodeDeploy is a service that automates the deployment of code and applications to Amazon EC2 instances or other compute services3. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a service that simplifies the deployment andmanagement of web applications using popular platforms, such as Java, PHP, and Node.js4.

AWS Artifact is the service that will provide the information about whether a specific AWS service is compliant with specific compliance frameworks. AWS Artifact is a self-service portal that allows you to access, review, and download AWS security and compliance reports and agreements. You canuse AWS Artifact to verify the compliance status of AWS services across various regions and compliance programs, such as ISO, PCI, SOC, FedRAMP, HIPAA, and more12

Amazon ElastiCache is a service that offers fully managed in-memory data store and cache services that deliver sub-millisecond response times to applications. You can use Amazon ElastiCache to improve the performance of your applications by retrieving data from fast, managed, in-memory data stores, instead of relying entirely on slower disk-based databases. Amazon Aurora is a relational database service that combines the performance and availability of high-end commercial databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open source databases. Amazon RDS is a service that makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud. Amazon DynamoDB is a key-value and document database that delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. None of these services are in-memory data store services.

 Consolidated billing is an AWS feature that allows users to combine the usage and costs of multiple AWS accounts into a single bill. This enables users to obtain billing discounts that are based on the company’s use of AWS services, such as volume pricing tiers, Reserved Instance discounts, andSavings Plans discounts5. Resource tagging is an AWS feature that allows users to assign metadata to AWS resources, such as EC2 instances, S3 buckets, and Lambda functions. This enables users to organize, track, and manage their AWS resources, such as filtering, grouping, and reporting. Pay-as-you-go pricing is an AWS pricing model that allows users to pay only for the resources and services they use, without any upfront or long-term commitments. This enables users to lower their costs by scaling up or down as needed, and avoiding over-provisioning or under-utilization. Spot Instances are spare EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices. They are suitable for workloads that can tolerate interruptions, such as batch processing, data analysis, and testing. Spot Instances are allocated based on the current supply and demand, and can be reclaimed by AWS with a two-minute notice when the demand exceeds the supply.