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The com.day.cq.workflow.exec.ParticipantStepChooser interface is intended for implementations that will define the participant dynamically. This interface replaces the deprecated com.day.cq.workflow.exec.ParticipantChooser interface. The method getDynamicParticipant returns the dynamically resolved Principal id based on the work item, workflow session and metadata map parameters.References:https://developer.adobe.com/experience-manager/reference-materials/cloud-service/javadoc/com/day/cq/workflow/exec/ParticipantStepChooser.html

The issue arises because the anonymous user does not have the necessary read permissions for the /content directory. When using Sling context-aware configurations, access to the configuration resource is required. If the anonymous user lacks read permissions, the configuration cannot be retrieved, resulting in a null value.

To fix this issue, you need to grant read permissions to the anonymous user for the /content directory.

Steps to apply read permissions:

Access CRXDE Lite: Log into your AEM instance and navigate to CRXDE Lite (http://localhost:4502/crx/de).

Navigate to the /content Directory: In the CRXDE Lite interface, browse to the /content directory.

Set Permissions:

Right-click on the /content directory and select "Permissions".

Add the anonymous user (if not already present).

Grant read permissions to the anonymous user.

Save Changes: Apply the changes and ensure that they are saved correctly.

Test the Configuration: Log out of the AEM instance and test the context-aware configuration as an anonymous user to ensure that the configuration resource can now be retrieved.

By granting read permissions to the anonymous user for the /content directory, you allow access to the necessary configuration resources, resolving the issue.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Security Permissions

When multiple configurations for the same PID are applicable, the configuration with the highest number of matching runmodes is applied. This is because the runmodes act as a filter to select the most specific configuration for a given environment. If there is a tie between two or more configurations with the same number of matching runmodes, the one that occurs first in the repository is applied.References:https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/deploying/configuring/configure-runmodes.html?lang=en#configuring-osgi-settings-per-runmode

To create a custom log configuration in AEM, the developer should create an OSGi configuration file for the org.apache.sling.commons.log.LogManager.factory.writer component. This configuration file should be placed under the appropriate runmode-specific folder within the config directory.

Here is the detailed process:

Create Configuration File:

Create a new XML file named org.apache.sling.commons.log.LogManager.factory.writer-.xml in the config. folder.

The can be any unique identifier for your custom log configuration.

Specify Configuration:

Add the necessary configuration properties within this XML file. For example:

xmlns:jcr="http://www.jcp.org/jcr/1.0"

jcr:primaryType="sling:OsgiConfig"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.file="/var/log/custom.log"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.level="debug"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.pattern="\{0\}"

org.apache.sling.commons.log.names="[com.myproject.custom]" />

Deploy Configuration:

Save the configuration file and deploy it to the appropriate environment. The logging system in AEM will pick up this configuration and create a custom log file with the specified settings.

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Logging

Apache Sling Logging

To push a code fix into the current release candidate, the best practice is to cherry-pick the fix commit into the release candidate branch. Cherry-picking allows you to apply specific changes from one branch to another, ensuring that only the necessary fixes are included without introducing unrelated changes.

Here’s how to cherry-pick a commit:

Identify the Commit: Locate the commit hash of the fix you need to apply. This can be found in your version control system (e.g., Git).

Checkout the Release Candidate Branch:

git checkout release-candidate-branch

Cherry-pick the Commit:

git cherry-pick

Resolve Conflicts(if any): If there are conflicts, resolve them manually and then continue the cherry-pick process:

git add

git cherry-pick --continue

 Test the Changes: Ensure that the changes are tested thoroughly in the release candidate environment to confirm the fix works as expected.

 Push the Changes:

git push origin release-candidate-branch

Cherry-picking ensures that only the required changes are applied to the release candidate, maintaining the stability and integrity of the codebase.

References:

Git Cherry-pick Documentation

The recommended way to make the secret key available in the AEM application is to use an environment variable which is then consumed by an OSGi configuration. This way, the secret key is not stored in the code base or in the repository, but rather in a secure and encrypted way in the Cloud Manager environment variables. The OSGi configuration can use a placeholder to reference the environment variable and inject its value at runtime. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/implementing/deploying/configuring-osgi.html?lang=en#environment-variables https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/implementing/deploying/environment-variables.html?lang=en

To resolve the domain name by the dispatcher, you should configure it in the vhosts file. The vhosts file is part of the Apache HTTP server configuration and allows you to define how requests for different domain names are handled. This is crucial for setting up virtual hosts, which is essential for resolving domain names and directing them to the appropriate content served by your AEM instance.

Here are the detailed steps to configure domain name resolution in the vhosts file:

Locate the vhosts file: The file is typically located in the conf directory of your Apache HTTP server installation. Common paths are:

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf (on many Linux systems)

/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf (if installed from source)

Edit the vhosts file: Open the file with a text editor. You might need superuser permissions to edit this file.

Add a VirtualHost directive: Define a new VirtualHost block for your domain. For example:

ServerName www.example.com

ServerAlias example.com

DocumentRoot "/path/to/your/document/root"

# Dispatcher configuration

SetHandler dispatcher-handler

ModMimeUsePathInfo On

AllowOverride None

Options FollowSymLinks

Require all granted

 ServerName specifies the primary domain name.

ServerAlias allows you to specify additional names that should resolve to the same content.

DocumentRoot specifies the directory from which the content should be served.

The section includes the Dispatcher handler configuration.

 Restart Apache: After saving the changes to the vhosts file, restart the Apache server to apply the changes.

sudo systemctl restart httpd

# or

sudo service apache2 restart

References:

Adobe Experience Manager Dispatcher Configuration

Apache HTTP Server Documentation on VirtualHost

To create Sling Models that can export data in a human-readable yaml format, the following steps are required:

Create Sling models to export as yaml. Sling models are Java classes that can be used to represent resources in AEM. Sling models can use annotations to define how they can be adapted from a resource and how they can export data in different formats. To export data in yaml format, the Sling model class needs to use the @Model annotation with the resourceType parameter set to the resource type of the resource that the model represents. The Sling model class also needs to implement the org.apache.sling.models.annotations.Exporter annotation with the name parameter set to “jackson” and the extensions parameter set to “yaml”. The Sling model class also needs to use the @JsonProperty annotation on the fields or methods that need to be exported in yaml format.

Configure mime type in Apache Sling MIME Type Service. The Apache Sling MIME Type Service is an OSGi service that maps file extensions to MIME types and vice versa. To enable the yaml format for Sling models, the MIME Type Service needs to be configured with a new entry for the yaml extension and its corresponding MIME type, which is “application/x-yaml”. This can be done by creating an OSGi configuration for the org.apache.sling.commons.mime.internal.MimeTypeServiceImpl service and adding the entry “yaml=application/x-yaml” to the mime.types property. References: https://sling.apache.org/documentation/bundles/models.html https://sling.apache.org/documentation/bundles/mime-type-support-commons-mime.html

The aemanalyser-maven-plugin is a Maven plugin that checks if all the requirements declarations made in OSGi bundles are satisfied by the capabilities declarations of other bundles included in the Maven project. This plugin ensures that the OSGi bundles are consistent and can be resolved at runtime. The plugin also checks for other issues such as API compatibility, package versioning, and bundle start order. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-cloud-service/implementing/developing/aem-project-content-package-structure.html?lang=en#build-analyzer-maven-plugin https://github.com/adobe/aemanalyser-maven-plugin

When performing an in-place upgrade to the latest version of AEM, there are several potential disadvantages to consider:

Long and Arduous Process:

The complexity and duration of the upgrade process can be significant, especially if there is a considerable version difference between the old and new AEM instances. This is because the upgrade process must account for all the changes and improvements made over multiple versions, including content structures, APIs, and underlying technologies.

References:AEM Upgrade Best Practices

Complex Developer Setup and Automation:

Upgrading AEM involves setting up and configuring the environment, updating custom code, and ensuring that all integrations work seamlessly. Automating these tasks can be complex and time-consuming, requiring significant developer effort to script and validate the upgrade process.

References:Automating AEM Upgrades

These disadvantages highlight the potential challenges and resource investments needed for an in-place upgrade.