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Convergence is triggered when the adjacency between routers R1 and R2 drops as a result of Hello timeouts. At this point, both routers R1 and R2 re-compute their link state database and send updates to their adjacent routers. Once the process is complete for all routers, the networks have converged.

Convergence is triggered when the physical interfaces between routers R1 and R2 go down. At this point, both routers R1 and R2 re-compute their link state database and send updates to their adjacent routers. Once the process is complete for all routers, the networks have converged.

Convergence will not be triggered because switches cannot run routing protocols between them.

Convergence is triggered when the switches notify the routers about the link state information. At this point, both routers R1 and R2 re-compute their link state database and send updates to their adjacent routers. Once the process is complete for all routers, the networks have converged

Convergence is triggered when an LSA is sent from router R1 to router R2 to indicate that the link is down. At this point, both routers R1 and R2 re-compute their link state database and send updates to their adjacent routers. Once the process is complete for all routers, the networks have converged.

traceroute 10.2.3.1

traceroute 10.2.3.1 next-hop 10.1.2.1

traceroute next-hop 10.1.2.1

traceroute does not work on the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR.

traceroute 10.1.2.1

ping static 10.5.5.5

ping static 0.0.0.0/0

ping 10.5.5.5

ping 0.0.0.0

Fast reroute capability

Control traffic prioritization

Route redistribution

Traffic engineering extensions

Cut through forwarding

5 and 15 seconds

10 and 30 seconds

5 and 20 seconds

10 and 40 seconds

When two areas need to communicate and there is no area 0.

When an area needs to traverse another area to reach area 0.

When two areas are connected to area 0, but there is no direct path between them.

When an area needs to connect directly to another area without using area 0.

Hello, link state update, link state packet, link State acknowledgement, database description.

Link state update, link state refresh, link state acknowledgement, database description, notification.

Hello, link state refresh, link state update, link state acknowledgement, link state authentication.

Hello, link state update, link state request, link state acknowledgement, database description.

Routers broadcast the entire route table to all neighbors.

Information about directly connected links is sent to all neighbors.

An adjacency database is maintained by each router.

The sequence number for an update is incremented as it is flooded from router to router.

The topological database is the same for all routers in a single area.

The term backbone router has the same definition as the term area border router.

An OSPF network needs at least one area border router to function.

Area border routers connect the backbone area to other areas in an OSPF network.

By definition, an area border router must perform route summarization between areas.

0

5

10

15