Pass the Isaca Cybersecurity Audit CCOA Questions and answers with CertsForce

ImplementingSecurity by Designthroughout theSoftware Development Life Cycle (SDLC)is the most effective way toreduce application riskbecause:

Proactive Risk Mitigation:Incorporates security practices from the very beginning, rather than addressing issues post-deployment.

Integrated Testing:Security requirements and testing are embedded in each phase of the SDLC.

Secure Coding Practices:Reduces vulnerabilities likeinjection, XSS, and insecure deserialization.

Cost Efficiency:Fixing issues during design is significantly cheaper than patching after production.

Other options analysis:

B. Security through obscurity:Ineffective as a standalone approach.

C. Peer code reviews:Valuable but limited if security is not considered from the start.

D. Extensive penetration testing:Detects vulnerabilities post-development, but cannot fix flawed architecture.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 10: Secure Software Development Practices:Discusses the importance of integrating security from the design phase.

Chapter 7: Application Security Testing:Highlights proactive security in development.

Theultimate outcome of adopting enterprise governance of information and technologyin cybersecurity isvalue creationbecause:

Strategic Alignment:Ensures that cybersecurity initiatives support business objectives.

Efficient Use of Resources:Enhances operational efficiency by integrating security practices seamlessly.

Risk Optimization:Minimizes the risk impact on business operations while maintaining productivity.

Business Enablement:Strengthens trust with stakeholders by demonstrating robust governance and security.

Other options analysis:

A. Business resilience:Important, but resilience is part of value creation, not the sole outcome.

B. Risk optimization:A component of governance but not the final goal.

C. Resource optimization:Helps achieve value but is not the ultimate outcome.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 2: Cyber Governance and Strategy:Explains how value creation is the core goal of governance.

Chapter 10: Strategic IT and Cybersecurity Alignment:Discusses balancing security with business value.

The primary benefit of a cybersecurity risk management program is theimplementation of effective controlsto reduce the risk of cyber threats and vulnerabilities.

Risk Identification and Assessment:The program identifies risks to the organization, including threats and vulnerabilities.

Control Implementation:Based on the identified risks, appropriate security controls are put in place to mitigate them.

Ongoing Monitoring:Ensures that implemented controls remain effective and adapt to evolving threats.

Strategic Alignment:Helps align cybersecurity practices with organizational objectives and risk tolerance.

Incorrect Options:

A. Identification of data protection processes:While important, it is a secondary outcome.

B. Reduction of compliance requirements:A risk management program does not inherently reduce compliance needs.

C. Alignment with Industry standards:This is a potential benefit but not the primary one.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 1, Section "Risk Management and Security Programs" - Effective risk management leads to the development and implementation of robust controls tailored to identified risks.

Atree network topologyprovidesbetter resilience and stabilitycompared to abus topology:

Fault Isolation:In a tree topology, a failure in one branch does not necessarily bring down the entire network.

Hierarchy Structure:If a single link fails, only a segment of the network is affected, not the whole system.

Easier Troubleshooting:The hierarchical layout allows for easier identification and isolation of faulty nodes.

Compared to Bus Topology:In a bus topology, a single cable failure can disrupt the entire network.

Incorrect Options:

A. Easier network expansion:True, but not primarily a security advantage.

B. Better performance:Depends on network design, not a security aspect.

D. Less susceptible to eavesdropping:Tree topology itself does not inherently reduce eavesdropping risks.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Network Topologies," Subsection "Tree Topology Benefits" - The primary security advantage is increased fault tolerance and stability.

To maintain consistent management ofsupply chain risk, it is essential toperiodically confirm that suppliers meet their contractual obligations.

Risk Assurance:Verifies that suppliers adhere to security standards and commitments.

Compliance Monitoring:Ensures that the agreed-upon controls and service levels are maintained.

Consistency:Regular checks prevent lapses in compliance and identify potential risks early.

Supplier Audits:Include reviewing security controls, data protection measures, and compliance with regulations.

Incorrect Options:

A. Seeking feedback from procurement:Useful but not directly related to risk management.

C. Counting incident tickets:Measures service performance, not risk consistency.

D. Informal meetings:Lacks formal assessment and verification of obligations.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 9, Section "Supply Chain Risk Management," Subsection "Monitoring and Compliance" - Periodic verification of contractual compliance ensures continuous risk management.

AnIT security specialistis responsible forperforming routine vulnerability scansas part of maintaining the organization's security posture. Their primary tasks include:

Vulnerability Assessment:Using automated tools to detect security flaws in networks, applications, and systems.

Regular Scanning:Running scheduled scans to identify new vulnerabilities introduced through updates or configuration changes.

Reporting:Analyzing scan results and providing reports to management and security teams.

Remediation Support:Working with IT staff to patch or mitigate identified vulnerabilities.

Other options analysis:

A. Incident response manager:Primarily focuses on responding to security incidents, not performing routine scans.

B. Information security manager:Manages the overall security program but does not typically conduct scans.

C. IT auditor:Reviews the effectiveness of security controls but does not directly perform scanning.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 6: Vulnerability and Patch Management:Outlines the responsibilities of IT security specialists in conducting vulnerability assessments.

Chapter 8: Threat and Vulnerability Assessment:Discusses the role of specialists in maintaining security baselines.

From a security perspective,GUIs can be designed to integrate encryption more seamlesslythan command-line interfaces:

User-Friendly Security:GUI applications can prompt users to enable encryption during setup, whereas CLI requires manual configuration.

Embedded Features:GUI tools often include integrated encryption options by default.

Reduced Human Error:GUI-based configuration reduces the risk of syntax errors that might leave encryption disabled.

Incorrect Options:

B. CLI commands do not need to be exact:Incorrect, as CLI commands must be precise.

C. Scripting is easier with GUI:Generally, scripting is more efficient with CLI, not GUI.

D. GUI provides more flexibility:Flexibility is not necessarily related to security.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Interface Security," Subsection "GUI vs. CLI" - GUI environments are often designed to integrate security features such as encryption more effectively.

The most common output of a vulnerability assessment is a detailed list of identified vulnerabilities, each accompanied by a severity level (e.g., low, medium, high, critical). This output helps organizations prioritize remediation efforts based on risk levels.

Purpose:Vulnerability assessments are designed to detect security weaknesses and misconfigurations.

Content:The report typically includes vulnerability descriptions, affected assets, severity ratings (often based on CVSS scores), and recommendations for mitigation.

Usage:Helps security teams focus on the most critical issues first.

Incorrect Options:

B. A detailed report on overall vulnerability posture:While summaries may be part of the report, the primary output is the list of vulnerabilities.

C. A list of potential attackers:This is more related to threat intelligence, not vulnerability assessment.

D. A list of authorized users:This would be part of an access control audit, not a vulnerability assessment.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Vulnerability Management," Subsection "Vulnerability Assessment Process" - The primary output of a vulnerability assessment is a list of discovered vulnerabilities with associated severity levels.

Thekernelis the core component of an operating system (OS) responsible for:

Resource Management:Manages CPU, memory, I/O devices, and other hardware resources.

Security Policies:Enforces access control, user permissions, and process isolation.

Hardware Abstraction:Acts as an intermediary between the hardware and software, providing low-level device drivers.

Process and Memory Management:Handles process scheduling, memory allocation, and inter-process communication.

Incorrect Options:

B. Library:A collection of functions or routines that can be used by applications, not the core of the OS.

C. Application:Runs on top of the OS, not a part of its core functionality.

D. Shell:An interface for users to interact with the OS, but not responsible for resource management.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Operating System Security," Subsection "Kernel Responsibilities" - The kernel is fundamental to managing system resources and enforcing security.

When discussing a remediation plan for acritical vulnerability, it is essential to include arollback planbecause:

Post-Implementation Issues:Changes can cause unexpected issues or system instability.

Risk Mitigation:A rollback plan ensures quick restoration to the previous state if problems arise.

Best Practice:Always plan for potential failures when applying significant security changes.

Change Management:Ensures continuity by maintaining a safe fallback option.

Other options analysis:

A. Canceling remediation:This is not a proactive or practical approach.

C. Severity-based rollback:Rollback plans should be standard regardless of severity.

D. Additional staff presence:Does not eliminate the need for a rollback strategy.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 9: Change Management in Security Operations:Emphasizes rollback planning during critical changes.

Chapter 8: Vulnerability Management:Discusses post-remediation risk considerations.