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Internal intelligence feeds are derived from data and information collected within an organization's own networks and systems. Jian's activities, such as real-time assessment of system activities and acquiring feeds from honeynets, P2P monitoring, infrastructure, and application logs, fall under the collection of internal intelligence feeds. These feeds are crucial for identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities within the organization and form a fundamental part of a comprehensive threat intelligence program. They contrast with external intelligence feeds, which are sourced from outside the organization and include information on broader cyber threats, trends, and TTPs of threat actors.

The exchange of attack techniques, compromised systems, and immediate defensive actions represents Tactical Threat Intelligence sharing.

Tactical Threat Intelligence focuses on adversary Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) and helps defenders understand and counter ongoing attacks in real time.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

B. Operational: Focuses on broader attack campaigns and contextual analysis.

C. Strategic: Provides high-level, long-term insights for executives.

D. Technical: Concerns low-level indicators like IPs and file hashes, not methodologies or immediate actions.

Conclusion:

The collaboration involves Tactical Threat Intelligence, which centers on sharing actionable TTPs and response techniques.

Final Answer: A. Sharing tactical threat intelligence

Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):

CTIA defines tactical threat intelligence as intelligence describing attacker behaviors and techniques that can be acted upon immediately by defenders.

Fast-Flux DNS is a technique used by attackers to hide phishing and malware distribution sites behind an ever-changing network of compromised hosts acting as proxies. It involves rapidly changing the association of domain names with multiple IP addresses, making the detection and shutdown of malicious sites more difficult. This technique contrasts with DNS zone transfers, which involve the replication of DNS data across DNS servers, or Dynamic DNS, which typically involves the automatic updating of DNS records for dynamic IP addresses, but not necessarily for malicious purposes. DNS interrogation involves querying DNS servers to retrieve information about domain names, but it does not involve hiding malicious content. Fast-Flux DNS specifically refers to the rapid changes in DNS records to obfuscate the source of the malicious activity, aligning with the scenario described.

Operational Threat Intelligence focuses on providing actionable insights about ongoing attacks, campaigns, or threat actors. It bridges the gap between high-level strategic intelligence and low-level technical intelligence.

It includes detailed, contextual information about how and why an attack is happening, who is behind it, and what tools and tactics they are using. Analysts rely on reports and data that describe current or recent attack campaigns, group activities, and malware operations.

Typical Sources of Operational Threat Intelligence:

Attack group reports: Identify specific threat actors, their motivations, targets, and past operations.

Attack campaign reports: Provide information about organized and ongoing attack campaigns targeting certain sectors or geographies.

Incident reports: Offer real-world case studies and patterns of attacks that have already occurred.

Malware samples: Help analysts understand malware functionality, distribution methods, and associated threat groups.

These sources provide contextual and actionable information that help operational analysts improve detection and response during active threat situations.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

B. Malware indicators, network indicators, e-mail indicators:These are sources of technical threat intelligence, which deals with atomic-level data such as IP addresses, URLs, and file hashes.

C. Activity-related attacks, social media sources, chat room conversations:These are examples of sources used for social media or OSINT collection, not operational analysis.

D. OSINT, security industry white papers, human contacts:These are sources used for strategic threat intelligence, focusing on long-term trends and organizational risk assessment.

Conclusion:

Operational threat intelligence relies on actionable, campaign-specific sources such as attack group reports, incident reports, and malware samples to provide detailed context for active threats.

Final Answer: A. Attack group reports, attack campaign reports, incident reports, malware samples

Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):

According to CTIA, operational threat intelligence provides in-depth analysis of ongoing or recent campaigns, utilizing reports and samples that describe adversary tools, targets, and motivations.

The "known unknowns" stage in cyber-threat intelligence refers to the phase where an analyst has identified threats but the specific details, implications, or full nature of these threats are not yet fully understood. Michael, in this scenario, has obtained information on threats and is in the process of analyzing this information to understand the nature of the threats better. This stage involves analyzing the known data to uncover additional insights and fill in the gaps in understanding, thereby transitioning the "unknowns" into "knowns." This phase is critical in threat intelligence as it helps in developing actionable intelligence by deepening the understanding of the threats faced.

The Blueliv Threat Exchange Network is a collaborative platform designed for sharing and receiving threat intelligence among security professionals and organizations. It provides real-time information on global threats, helping participants to enhance their security posture by leveraging shared intelligence. The platform facilitates the exchange of information related to cybersecurity threats, including indicators of compromise (IoCs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of threat actors, and other relevant data. This makes it an ideal choice for Kim, who is looking to gather and share threat information to develop security policies for his organization. In contrast, Cuckoo Sandbox is a malware analysis system, OmniPeek is a network analyzer, and PortDroid is a network analysis application, none of which are primarily designed for intelligence sharing.

In this scenario, Jacob has copied the entire contents of a legitimate website to his local system to create a replica or duplicate version that looks exactly like the original. This process of duplicating a website by copying its structure, design, content, and files is known as website mirroring.

Website mirroring is a technique used to create an identical copy (mirror) of a real website for different purposes. In ethical use cases, organizations create mirror sites to ensure high availability, load balancing, or offline backup of web content. However, in malicious or unethical scenarios, attackers use website mirroring to replicate legitimate sites for phishing or social engineering attacks, tricking users into entering credentials, financial data, or other sensitive information.

By creating a mirrored version of an authentic site, an attacker can redirect unsuspecting victims to the fake version, which appears genuine. Victims then provide information that is captured by the attacker for malicious use. This method is commonly employed in phishing campaigns and credential harvesting operations.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Data sampling:Data sampling refers to selecting a subset of data from a larger dataset for analysis or testing. It does not involve copying or cloning websites.

C. Tailgating:Tailgating is a physical security breach technique, where an unauthorized individual follows an authorized person into a secured area without proper authentication. It is unrelated to website replication.

D. Social engineering:Social engineering is a broader psychological manipulation technique that exploits human trust to gain confidential information. While Jacob’s goal is to perform a social engineering attack using the cloned website, the method he used to create the replica is website mirroring, not social engineering itself.

Conclusion:

Jacob used website mirroring to clone the online shopping website. The mirrored site will later serve as a platform to perform social engineering attacks by deceiving employees or customers into interacting with the fake site.

Final Answer: B. Website mirroring

Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):

This explanation is based on EC-Council’s Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst (CTIA) study concepts under the topics of Adversary Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) and Threat Modeling of Infrastructure Attacks, which describe how attackers create cloned or mirrored websites to perform phishing and social engineering campaigns.

ABC cyber-security company, which has implemented automation for tasks such as data enrichment and indicator aggregation and has joined various communities to increase knowledge about emerging threats, is demonstrating characteristics of a Level 3 maturity in the threat intelligence maturity model. At this level, organizations have a formal Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) program in place, with processes and tools implemented to collect, analyze, and integrate threat intelligence into their security operations. Although they may still be reactive in detecting and preventing threats, the existence of structured CTI capabilities indicates a more developed stage of threat intelligence maturity.

Burp Suite is a comprehensive tool used for web application security testing, which includes functionality for viewing and manipulating the HTTP/HTTPS headers of web page requests and responses. This makes it an ideal tool for someone like Tyrion, who is looking to perform website footprinting to gather information hidden in the web page header, such as connection status, content type, server information, and other metadata that can reveal details about the web server and its configuration. Burp Suite allows users to intercept, analyze, and modify traffic between the browser and the web server, which is crucial for uncovering such hidden information.

Centralized storage architecture refers to a system where data is stored in a localized system, server, or storage hardware. This type of storage is capable of holding a limited amount of data in its database and is locally available for data usage. Centralized storage is commonly used in smaller organizations or specific departments within larger organizations where the volume of data is manageable and does not require the scalability offered by distributed or cloud storage solutions. Centralized storage systems simplify data management and access but might present challenges in terms of scalability and data recovery.