Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Throttling is a common and effective mitigation technique against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. It limits the number of requests a user or IP can send over a certain time period, preventing resource exhaustion. This reduces the risk of overwhelming servers, which is the core issue in DoS attacks. Digital signatures (A) protect data integrity and authenticity, Protect secrets (B) secures confidential information, and Timestamps (C) help prevent replay attacks but are not direct defenses for DoS. According to NIST SP 800-61 Rev. 2 (Computer Security Incident Handling Guide) and OWASP DoS Prevention, throttling and rate limiting are standard controls to maintain availability under attack conditions.