TheTransport layerin the TCP/IP model includes theUser Datagram Protocol (UDP)andTransmission Control Protocol (TCP). UDP is a connectionless protocol used for fast, lightweight data transmission where reliability is not the priority (e.g., video streaming, VoIP).
Application layerhandles end-user services but not transport mechanisms.
Network or internet layerdeals with IP addressing and routing, not UDP.
Physical or network access layerconcerns hardware transmission methods.
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