Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A Solid State Drive (SSD) is a type of non-volatile storage, meaning it retains data even when the computer is powered off. SSDs use flash memory to store data electronically, without moving parts. This makes them faster and more durable than traditional mechanical hard disk drives.

IT management concepts associated with SSDs:

They are used as primary storage for operating systems, applications, and user data.

Because SSDs are non-volatile, all the data remains intact when power is removed, allowing the system to reboot and access the same information.

They significantly improve system performance, especially for boot times and application loading.

Why the other options are incorrect in this context:

B. Optical drive – While optical media (like CDs or DVDs) are also non-volatile, in IT fundamentals and exam-style questions, when asking about core computer storage that retains data when power is off, the expected answer focuses on internal non-volatile drives such as SSDs. Optical drives are considered removable secondary media, not the primary system storage emphasized in this type of question.

C. Virtual memory – This is not a physical storage device; it is a memory management technique where part of the storage drive is used to extend the apparent capacity of RAM. It depends on physical storage but, itself, is a logical concept, not a distinct storage type.

D. Random access memory (RAM) – RAM is volatile memory, meaning it loses its contents when power is turned off. It is used for temporary storage of data and instructions while programs are running.

Therefore, the best and most direct answer is Solid state drive (SSD), as it clearly represents the non-volatile storage device that retains data when the computer is powered down.