No single model perfectly estimates the cost of common equity under all conditions. CAPM focuses on systematic risk, the Gordon growth model emphasizes dividends and growth, and other approaches may rely on market comparables. Each method has strengths and weaknesses depending on firm characteristics and market conditions. Financial management best practice therefore recommends using multiple approaches and comparing results to arrive at a more reliable estimate. This triangulation reduces model-specific bias and highlights potential inconsistencies in assumptions. Managers then apply judgment to select a reasonable cost of equity that reflects risk, growth prospects, and investor expectations. Option A correctly reflects this practical, widely accepted approach.