Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Stock removal strategies in SAP EWM determine how stock is picked. Option B ("Large/small quantities") is correct because it leverages packaging specifications or AUOM to prioritize picking larger or smaller units, configured in SPRO: SCM Extended Warehouse Management > Goods Issue Process > Strategies > Stock Removal. Option D ("Partial quantities first") is correct as it uses AUOM to pick partial units first. Option A (Stringent FIFO) relies on date, not packaging/AUOM, and option C (Fixed bin) is location-based, not quantity-based.