Confidentiality is breached when information is made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes. Option A is the correct answer because employees from all departments have access to colleagues’ personal data, even though such access should normally be restricted to authorized roles such as HR, payroll, compliance, or designated management. Internal users can still be unauthorized users when their role does not justify access. ISO/IEC 27002 addresses this through access control, access rights management, classification, privacy protection, and information access restriction. Option B is an availability issue because a department cannot access needed customer phone numbers due to equipment failure. Option C is an integrity issue because banking information was accidentally modified. The confidentiality principle is specifically about limiting disclosure and availability of information to authorized parties only. Personal data requires additional care because privacy obligations may apply, and excessive internal access can create legal, ethical, and reputational harm. The verified answer is therefore option A. References/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.15 Access control; Control 5.18 Access rights; Control 5.34 Privacy and protection of PII; Control 8.3 Information access restriction.

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