Least privilege reduces the impact of a compromised user account by ensuring that each user, service, or application has only the permissions necessary to perform its required function. If an attacker steals credentials for an account with excessive privileges, the attacker may access sensitive systems, modify configurations, exfiltrate data, or move laterally through the environment. When least privilege is properly implemented, the blast radius is smaller because the compromised identity cannot access resources outside its assigned role. Single sign-on improves user access experience and centralizes authentication, but it does not by itself limit what the user can access. DNS filtering controls access to domains and is a network security function. Static routing controls packet forwarding paths and is unrelated to identity permissions. In IAM, least privilege is commonly enforced through role-based access control, access reviews, privileged access management, and conditional access policies. Reference/topics: Identity Security, IAM, RBAC, MFA, least privilege.