Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Pulmonary edema is caused by fluid accumulation in the alveoli, impairing gas exchange. It is typically due to:
Left-sided heart failure: Blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation
Hypertensive crisis: Increases hydrostatic pressure in the lungs
Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation and bronchospasm, not fluid overload. Increased oncotic pressure would retain fluid in capillaries — the opposite of edema.
[References:, NREMT Medical Module – Respiratory and Cardiovascular Integration, AHA ACLS Guidelines – Congestive Heart Failure, AAOS EMT Textbook – Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Edema, , ]
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