Behavioral counseling focuses on observable behavior, measurable change, and the systematic application of learning principles. When setting up a behavior change program, a behavioral counselor typically:

Establishes a baseline of behavior (Option A) to know the current frequency, intensity, or duration of the target behavior.

Uses contingency management (Option B) — arranging rewards, consequences, or environmental changes to increase or decrease behaviors.

Reviews previous research (Option D) to select interventions that are evidence-based and appropriate for the presenting concern.

Self-actualization (Option C) is associated with humanistic and existential approaches (e.g., Maslow, Rogers), focusing on personal growth and fulfillment rather than directly on observable behavior and contingencies. While a counselor may value growth in a broad sense, a behavioral counselor does not need to directly work from a self-actualization framework when designing a behavior change program.

NBCC Counselor Work Behavior Areas related to interventions highlight that behavioral approaches rely on empirically supported, observable, and measurable strategies, which makes self-actualization the least relevant concern in this specific context.