Under the Patient Safety domain, NAHQ emphasizes systems-based analysis and avoidance of hindsight bias—the tendency to oversimplify causes after an event occurs. In this scenario, concluding that the error occurred solely because the splint was not removed, and that no further action is needed, minimizes the complexity of a wrong-site surgery, which is a sentinel event.

Just culture supports accountability and disclosure, but it also requires thorough analysis to identify system failures and prevent recurrence. Accepting personal learning alone does not replace root cause analysis or system improvement. The Chief of Surgery’s conclusion reflects hindsight bias and minimizes the need for further investigation, making Option B correct.