The best approach for the CISO is to notate the information and move on. A CISO is a Chief Information Security Officer, who is a senior executive responsible for overseeing and managing the information security strategy, policies, and programs of an organization. A risk assessment is a process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the risks that may affect the information and assets of an organization. In this scenario, the CISO discovered that a college within the University is collecting Protected Health Information (PHI) data via an application that was developed in-house. The college collecting this data is fully aware of the regulations for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and is fully compliant. HIPAA is a federal law that sets the standards and rules for the protection and privacy of PHI, which is any information that can be used to identify a person’s health condition, treatment, or payment. The best approach for the CISO is to notate the information and move on, as there is no need to take any further action or intervention, since the college is already compliant with the HIPAA regulations and has implemented the appropriate security measures for the PHI data. The other options are not the best approaches, but rather unnecessary or excessive actions. Documenting the system as high risk is not a best approach, as there is no evidence or indication that the system poses a high risk to the organization or the PHI data, as long as the college follows the HIPAA regulations and the security best practices. Performing a vulnerability assessment is not a best approach, as it is an intrusive and costly activity that may not be warranted or authorized, since the system is already compliant and secure. Performing a quantitative threat assessment is not a best approach, as it is a complex and time-consuming activity that may not be feasible or relevant, since the system is already compliant and secure. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, p. 22; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 5, p. 280.