A strongly typed programming language is a type of programming language that enforces strict rules and constraints on the data types and operations that can be used in the code. A strongly typed language prevents or detects errors such as type mismatch, type conversion, or memory allocation at compile time or run time, and ensures that the code executes safely and only as intended. A strongly typed language also supports features such as type inference, type checking, and type safety, which enhance the readability, maintainability, and security of the code. Examples of strongly typed languages are Java, C#, and Python. A strongly typed language is different from a weakly typed language, which is a type of programming language that allows more flexibility and leniency on the data types and operations that can be used in the code. A weakly typed language may perform implicit type conversion, type coercion, or type casting at run time, and may not detect or report errors until they cause unexpected or undesirable results. A weakly typed language may also have features such as dynamic typing, duck typing, or polymorphism, which enable the code to handle different types of data or objects at run time. Examples of weakly typed languages are JavaScript, PHP, and Perl. A strongly typed language is also different from a statically typed language, which is a type of programming language that assigns and checks the data types of variables and expressions at compile time. A statically typed language requires the programmer to declare the data types of variables and expressions explicitly in the code, and ensures that the code is consistent and compatible with the data types before execution. Examples of statically typed languages are C, C++, and Java. A statically typed language is also different from a dynamically typed language, which is a type of programming language that assigns and checks the data types of variables and expressions at run time. A dynamically typed language does not require the programmer to declare the data types of variables and expressions explicitly in the code, and allows the code to adapt and change the data types during execution. Examples of dynamically typed languages are Python, Ruby, and JavaScript. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 10: Software Development Security, page 657. Official (ISC)² CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Domain 8: Software Development Security, page 1009.
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